Good and Evil in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

Good and Evil in Young Goodman Brown In Young Goodman Brown. Nathaniel Hawthorne considers the question of good and evil, suggesting that true evil is judging and condemning others for sin without looking at ones own sinfulness. He examines the idea that sin is part of being human and there is no escape from it. Of the many symbols he uses in this story, each has a profound meaning. They represent good and evil in the constant struggle of a young innocent man whose faith is being tested. As the story begins, Young Goodman Brown bids farewell to his young wife Faith, as [she] was aptly named (211). When she ...thrust her own pretty head into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons of her cap we associate†¦show more content†¦At this time he feels he can resist any temptation by keeping his faith. He refuses to believe the devil when he reveals to him that he has been ...well acquainted with [his] family...[they] were good friends... (213). In disbelief Young Goodman Brown is devastated, but knows that he still has his Faith. It would break her dear little heart; and Id rather break my own! (214). Trying desperately he holds on to his Christian belief, that he is going to Heaven, even when he recognizes the old woman who passes and says That old woman taught me catechism! (215). Soon after he also hears Deacon Gookin and the minister discussing the evenings event. Knowing that these people, in his mind were the forefront of goodness on Earth, he is shattered as, Young Goodman Brown caught hold of a tree, for support, being ready to sink down on the ground, faint and overburdened with the heavy sickness of his heart (216). He again tries to resist temptation and cries out, With Heaven above, and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil! (216). But when he hears many voices and among them is Faith, in desperation he yells out to her. As he awaits a response, a pink ribbon that fluttered lightly down through the air as he catches it he cries, My Faith is gone!...There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! for to thee is thisShow MoreRelated Absence of Absolute Good or Absolute Evil in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1468 Words   |  6 PagesAbsence of Absolute Good or Absolute Evil in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚   Lo! There ye stand, my children, said the figure, in a deep and solemn tone, almost sad, with its despairing awfulness, as if his once angelis nature could yet mourn for our miserable race. Depending on one anothers hearts, ye had still hoped, that virtue were not all a dream. Now ye are undeceived! Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness. Welcome, again, my children, to the communion of your raceRead MoreGood Vs. Evil in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay673 Words   |  3 PagesGood vs. Evil The short story, Young Goodman Brown is a fascinating rendition of the battle between good and evil. The reader must delve into the depths of his/her own beliefs to understand what the symbolism is. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes an entire lesson in life as one big symbol using allegory. The various examples are fruitful and will be presented throughout this essay. First, the main characters name is Goodman Brown. Does this mean something? It seems Nathaniel Hawthorne wishedRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead More Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1512 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity and Uncertainty in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne, through the use of deceptive imagery, creates a sense of uncertainty that illuminates the theme of mans inability to operate within a framework of moral absolutism.   Within every man there is an innate difference between good and evil and Hawthornes deliberate use of ambiguity mirrors this complexity of human nature. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, is misled by believing in the perfectibilityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1065 Words   |  5 Pagesthe topic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown, most of us will readily agree that duplicity is a major theme in the piece, or the idea of different versions of reality. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether Hawthorne is implying that man is inherently evil. Whereas some are convinced that Young Goodman Brown was good until tainted by the Devil, others maintain that he was evil from the beginning and was compl etely aware of the evil he was indulging in. MyRead MoreShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesmore intriguing than Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne’s ability to weave stories through the use of complex language and early puritan society narratives has long been a topic of study amongst scholars and young adults, alike. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† explores the idea of good vs. evil and draws many parallels to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is often debated whether man is born innately good or evil. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† it is possible to see Hawthorne’s stance on this. However, before delvingRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne865 Words   |  4 Pagesthe good man’s heart, whose owner is walking through the sea of dark with an equally, if not more, serpent-like staff carrying dark companion. This respectable man is Young Goodman Brown, as portrayed in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. The forest is only a small part of the setting, as this also takes place in a village in Salem Massachusetts and surrounding area the year 1692. The mood is heavy with superstition, confusion, doubt, betrayal, and shallowness. Goodman BrownRead MoreThe Dichotomy of Self Reliance and Conformity1169 Words   |  5 Pages This was the Romanticism Period. An incredible number of miraculous masterpieces were contrived during this period of enlightenmen t, including Nathaniel Hawthorne’s dramatically thematic and ambiguous short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, as well as Ralph Waldo Emerson’s intriguingly influential and uplifting essay, â€Å"Self-Reliance†. Hawthorne’s writing aspires to implicate theories and themes about the reality of the world we live in and to illustrate our individual limitations through the art ofRead MoreThe Brown s A Forest, And The Devil !1742 Words   |  7 PagesThe Brown’s, A Forest, and The Devil! Oh My Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† tells a tale of when man, who is supposedly good in nature, faces temptation and evil head on. The story, much like the tale of Adam Eve, is an allegory for the evil and selfishness of mankind; for young Goodman Brown s fight with his inner temptations and his outward struggle with the devil himself represents mankind s lost encounter within the battle of good and evil. Though it is not clear whether the events inRead More A Critique of Puritanism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essays635 Words   |  3 PagesYoung Goodman Brown: A Critique of Puritanism   Given Nathaniel Hawthornes background, it is not a stretch of the imagination to say that Young Goodman Brown is a critique of   Puritanism.   Hawthorne lived in the deeply scarred New England area, separated from puritanism by only one generation.   His grandfather had been one the judges who presided over the Salem Witch trials.   Some of the principle motifs that run through Hawthornes works are hidden sin, the supernatural, and the influence

Insanity Is The Worst Human Trait - 939 Words

Insanity could be considered the worst human trait. As for Hamlet, insanity doesn’t even begin to describe his character in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. This embarrassing trait forces Hamlet to disguise his madness with actual madness. Hamlet can be analyzed as character gone mad. He endures the difficulties with the death and reappearance of his father, the remarriage of his mother, and the murders of Claudius and Laertes. The reappearance of King Hamlet is the first glimpse of Hamlet’s madness; he doesn’t begin the play being mad but rather a transition and progression throughout the play. Hamlet doesn’t try to mask his madness but rather use it as a weapon to his enemies (Erlich 87). Avenging his father becomes his life goal throughout the play which encourages his insanity further more. In Hamlet’s defense, he’s able to control his madness to use it against his enemies or anyone acquainted with his enemies. For example, Hamlet strikes at Ophelia, Gertrude and Polonius (in which whom they all are affiliated with Claudius). In a way, these 3 characters are affiliated with Claudius so by harming them, Hamlet is harming Claudius in an indirect relation. This is Hamlet’s life goal that his father has encouraged him to pursue, to seek revenge against Claudius and anyone affiliated with him. This causes fury and anxiety within Claudius which forces him to spy on Hamlet. Claudius describes it, â€Å"Was not like madness. There’s something in his soul.† (Shakespeare 3.1.167). As the playShow MoreRelatedHuman Nature And The Desire For Superiority1565 Words   |  7 PagesHolly Donohoe Period B2 Human Nature and the Desire for Superiority It’s no doubt that superiority and power has played a huge role in the past present and will in the future. Throughout American Literature, it is a dominant trait in many protagonists and especially antagonists. The desirable trait has caused many conflicts and hardship and in turn, has led to the demise of a civilizations in the past. In the film Apocalypse Now, the novella the Heart of Darkness, and the poem The Hollow Men, itRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 933 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Jane Eyre Author: Charlotte Bronte Main Characters (Protagonist/Antagonist), Title, Traits: Jane Eyre (Protagonist): main character, lost, alone, devastated Rochester (Protagonist): master of Thornfield, loves Jane, secretive, caring St. John (Protagonist): missionary loves Jane, cold, reserved, controlling Mrs. Reed (Antagonist): Jane’s aunt, cruel, resent Mr. Brocklehurst (Antagonist): principal, cruel, hypocritical Setting: England in the 19th century. Gateshead, Lowood InstituteRead MoreAnalysis Of The Purge1104 Words   |  5 Pagesthe other hand, The Purge exists to make the people accept the tenets of the ruling of the social ideology. This societal order can be described as neoliberalism. 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Global Policy And Advocacy Of China Essay Example For Students

Global Policy And Advocacy Of China Essay China is the leading producer of tobacco in the world, as well as home to one-third of the world’s population of smokers. With China’s growing status in the first world, the country has gained many of the first world problems effecting the entire population. Along with the problems of the first world, is large percentage of Chinese citizens who smoke and as a result develop non-communicable diseases. â€Å"Tobacco use is estimated to cause 35% of all cancers, 33% of all heart attacks and strokes, and 90% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including emphysema. Smokers who do not quit by age 35 have a 50% chance of dying from a tobacco-related disease. Their life expectancy is 8 years less than those who have never smoked† (Anczak 2003). About 1 in every 6 deaths caused by tobacco usage, with an emphasis on cigarette smoking, worldwide will be a citizen of China. This paper will address interventions coming in the form of global policy and advocacy.The goal of the Red Cross Society funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is to make the citizens of China, both smokers and nonsmokers, realize that smoking is unacceptable and undesirable. In partnership with the Bloomberg Initiative, efforts have been made to present policymakers and advocates with evidence that will support governmental changes (Gates Foundation 2012). Additional efforts include â€Å"global adult and youth tobacco surveys, a series of country-specific papers detailing the economic impact of tobacco and tobacco taxation, and research on tobacco industry marketing strategies, cigarette smuggling, and tobacco policy effectiveness† (Gates Foundati on 2012). These programs are funded through advocates who are provided with grants that contribute to research; which a. .cbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1069046/ . Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. 2012. 2012 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation AnnualReport. Retrieved October 20, 2014. file:///C:/Users/TaCora/Downloads/2012_Gates_Foundation_Annual_Report.pdf . Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. 2012. Tobacco Control Strategy Overview. Retrieved October 18,2014. http://www.gatesfoundation. org/What-We-Do/Global-Policy/Tobacco-Control .Kim SS, Chen W, Kolodziej M, Wang X, Wang VJ, Ziedonis D. A systematic review of smoking cessation intervention studies in China. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2012; 14(8): 891-899. PubMed http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0052099/ .World Health Organization. 2013. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013 Country profile: China. Retrieved October 29, 2014. http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/policy/country_profile/chn.pdf?ua=1 .

The Translated Term And Culture Essays - Chinese Mythology

The Translated Term And Culture the translation of the exported commodities The translation of trademark is a very complicated work. The exported commodities are the windows to show the national culture to the other countries. In the five thousand years long history, China has kept up its fine tradition, and also it has bequeathed much culture tradition. So when we do the translation of the Chinese trademark, two things we must pay special attention. 1.1.1 Keeping national feature First, we must consider the specialties and try to keep their own national color. For example, many names of commodities in our country are connected with some mountains, rivers and interests. If we keep these images in the translated term of another language, it will give us great benefits to propaganda the products. For example, some traditional things in China are well-known to the English readers even to the world, such as kungfu and Great Wall. When we translate them, we have no need to do any transformation. To the English readers, these kinds of translated names are not only easy to accept, but also have the exoticism. Another example, is also used as a trademark. Why we don't simply translate into Jade Rabbit and give it an English name Moon Rabbit. Originally in Chinese fairy tales, is the rabbit which accompanied with Mr Wugang living under the sweet-scented osmanthus in the moon. Therefore, is the pronoun of moon. Here, translating it into moon rabbit is just embodies the elegant demeanour of our ancient culture. 1.2 Different likes to different things 1.2.1 Different lucky animals According to the Chinese tradition, many trademarks are named with the name of fowl, animal and plants. However, to the same animal or plant, different nation has different likes and dislikes. If we are not familiar with the customs in different countries, what we done may become nothing. For example, British people dont like elephant. They like bear instead. Italian and spainese are fond of rose. They dont have good feeling of chrysanthemum .Lotus, fox and badger are taboo to the Japanese people. They like cherry, tortotise and duck. Russian think that yellow rose means not lucky and it break off relations. However, French people and Belgium regard walnut, peacock and chrysanthemum as unlucky things. The design of dog are taboo in some north affrica countries. Pig and dog are also not welcomed in Islamic countries. In Chinese, has the meaning of reporting the coming of spring and happy. In English magpie() gives us the association of jaw and prolixity. In English ram not only has the meaning of but also has the meaning of collision. So the bicycle named with ram unavoidably will give people the feeling of go on rampage. Almost for the same reason, in Chinese, represents lucky and beauty, in English, phoenix meanings rebirth. It gives them the feeling of waking up from death. WHITE ELEPHANT translated from , is regarded as rubbish in western country. Another example, dragon is always the symbol of riches ,honors,power,authority and luck in the several thousands years history in China. It is one of the most respectable animals to all the Chinese. There are many Chinese idioms and stories are about dragon. All the things linked with dragon are good and righteous. However,in western countries, most countries look dragon as the embodiment of evil and disaster. Lets have a suppose, if we Chinese people dont know the culture difference between us and western countries, and we use WHITE ELEPHANT or DRAGON as the brands of some of our products which will be exported to foreign countries. What kind of effects we will get? I think we all know it. That is also a shame to our Chinese. 1.2.2 Different lucky colors To colours, different places also have different interests. For example, blue is taboo to Belgium. They think blue is not a lucky color. Japanese dont like green which Indians like it very much. Turkey people dont like the combination of different colors. 1.2.3 Different lucky words Also different countries have different fancies to different words. According to the investigation, Japanese like the Chinese words , and so on. Chinese like woeds and so on. According to

Année

Differences Between French Pairs Like An/Annà ©e The French word pairs an/annà ©e, jour/journà ©e, matin/matinà ©e, and soir/soirà ©e can be confusing to students because each pair has a single English translation. The important thing to understand is that the difference between the words in each pair has to do with two different ways of considering time. The short words an, jour, matin, and soir (note that they are all masculine) indicate a simple amount of time or division of time. For the purposes of this lesson, well call these division words. Je suis en France depuis deux jours. Ive been in France for two days.Il est fatiguà © ce soir. Hes tired this evening. In comparison, the longer words annà ©e, journà ©e, matinà ©e, and soirà ©e (all feminine) indicate a duration of time, usually stressing the actual length of time. Ill call these duration words. Nous avons travaillà © pendant toute la matinà ©e. We worked all morning.Elle est la premià ¨re de son annà ©e.* Shes the first in her year/class. *Though annà ©e is feminine since it begins with a vowel you have to say son annà ©e (not sa annà ©e) Division Words vs. Duration Words Here are some general rules about when to use division words vs. when to use duration words, as well as some important exceptions. But if you consider them carefully, youll see that the exceptions follow the basic differences outlined above. Use division words with: 1. Numbers, except when you want to emphasize the duration or when the word is modified by an adjective. Un homme de trente ans.   A 30-year-old man.Il est arrivà © il y a deux jours. He arrived two days ago.Dans trois ans, jaurai terminà © mes à ©tudes. In three years, Ill have finished my studies.Jà ©tais en Afrique pendant trois annà ©es, pas deux. I was in Africa for three years, not two.Ils ont passà © sept merveilleuses journà ©es Paris.   They spent seven marvelous days in Paris. 2. Temporal adverbs demain matin tomorrow morningtà ´t le matin early in the morninghier soir last night Use duration words with: 1.de a descriptive noun lannà ©e de base base yearune journà ©e de travail de huit heures an eight-hour workdayles soirà ©es dà ©tà © summer evenings 2. with nearly* all adjectives, including: attributive adjectives lannà ©e scolaire the school year indefinite adjectives certaines annà ©es certain years interrogative adjectives preceded by a preposition en quelle annà ©e in which year possessive adjectives ma journà ©e my day However, note that an/annà ©e is far more flexible than the other pairs; for last year you can say lan dernier or lannà ©e dernià ¨re, next year can be lan prochain or lannà ©e prochaine, etc. Except for demonstrative adjectives, which are used with division words: cet an - cet an que jai và ©cu en France that year - that year that I lived in France (But when talking about the current year, say cette annà ©e - this year.) ce jour - ce jour oà ¹ nous sommes allà ©s au musà ©e this/that day - that day we went to the museumce matin, ce soir this/that morning, this/that evening The indefinite word tout has a different meaning with division vs. duration words; it is an indefinite adjective with division words and an indefinite pronoun with duration words. tous les matins, tous les jours every morning, every day vs. toute la matinà ©e, toute la journà ©e all morning, all day Note that when referring to the day of the week, you need the division word: Quel jour est-on? Quel jour sommes-nous? What day is it?Vendredi est le jour de la fà ªte. Friday is the day of the party.

The Increased Use of Nuclear Power Reactors Essays

The Increased Use of Nuclear Power Reactors Essays The Increased Use of Nuclear Power Reactors Essay The Increased Use of Nuclear Power Reactors Essay Today, 439 nuclear power reactors produce approximately 16 per cent of the world’s electricity. In nine countries, over 40 per cent of energy production comes from nuclear power. The IAEA, an international organization in the UN family, fosters the safe, secure and peaceful uses of atomic energy and helps ensure the use of nuclear technology for sustainable development. In Africa, there are only two (2 ) nuclear power reactors and there is no significant development of nuclear power infrastructure in the near future. In the long term, however, Africa has the interest to change its energy dependence from fossil fuels to nuclear sustainable energy. To achieve nuclear energy, it will be necessary for Africa to embark on an analysis of whether African countries are willing combined financial support, locations for establishment, and storage centers for radio- active byproduct to establish a nuclear power source that will offer energy to many countries in Africa across borders. This prospect will require the collaboration of African countries, who alone cannot support or more importantly, need a nuclear reactor only for its citizens. Uganda, desires to aid in the African independence of nuclear energy for its continent. It desires to do so, however, only with the highest level of sophistication in erecting and operating the nuclear facility to protect its citizens and neighbors from nuclear accident. Also, it desires international monitoring and regulatory oversight to ensure the by product of nuclear energy does not fall into illegitimate uses, such as terrorist weapons. The benefits of such independence are not only local to the continent of Africa, it will aid also the international community in knowing consistent policies and procedures are being maintained to generate nuclear fuel. The Country of Uganda therefore proposes the following resolutions: 1. Uganda will collaborate and work with its neighboring African countries to analyze and determine the capacity required for multi country nuclear energy needs. This needs assessment will be published to the international community for comment and opinion and the said countries will follow the model discussed in Section 2 below in building any nuclear facilities; 2. Uganda proposes an international think tank (â€Å"Nuclear Initiave†) to be organized among all nations where the expertise and educational background of scientist and engineers are centered and nurtured to create models of nuclear plants with consistent infrastructure, guidelines and operations. These models then can be utilized by nations in their development of a nuclear facilities. 3. Uganda proposes that a monetary fund be established for countries to partake in the information and models implemented in the Nuclear Initiative. If a country cannot afford to donate to the monetary fund in cash, then it can donate in kind by providing necessary resources, such as land for storage of radioactive waste. 4. Uganda proposes that the Nuclear Initiative be charged with promulgating rules, regulations, and policies in connection with the building of a nuclear facility, the operation of the facility, the transportation of radioactive waste from the facility and the permanent storage of said waste. For example, the team of scientist and engineers would develop specific plans and specifications on the material used to build the facility and the land type where the facility is built after determining the best type of material and structure necessary for a safe facility.

Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Violence - Essay Example Ironically, both films depend on anticipation, leaving a similar feeling in the viewer as they progress. When viewed from the point of view of several sociological perspectives and discussed for the character portraits and dark humor, a comparison can be made between Pulp Fiction and Dog Day Afternoon. There are two basic forms of violence that can be viewed in a film. The first more obvious form of violence is that of physical violence where a living organism is dealt physical harm. The second less obvious form of violence is that of psychological violence. Psychological violence comes from the allusion to violence or from actions that cause mental harm. Slocum (2001) uses the example of the film Gaslight where a man intends to drive his wife mad. Slocum refers to Freud and says that â€Å"Real violence can have symbolic meaning and symbolic violence can have real consequences† (p. 40). Actions that show an intent toward violence can also create a sense of psychological violence, even thought the act may never actually be fulfilled. psychological violence is apparent in the constant threat that is pervasive throughout the film. The film is a series of character studies as revelations about each character comes through to the viewer in humorous and often shocking moments. The moment that is the most shocking, especially when viewed with the point of view of the sociological dynamics of the 1970’s, is when Leon reveals one of the motivations for the robbery. Leon says: I couldnt explain why I did the things I did. So I went to this psychiatrist who explained to me I was a woman in a mans body. So Sonny right away wanted to get me money for a sex change operation: but where was he to get that? 2500 dollars! My God, hes in hock up to his ears already (IMDB, 2010, Dog Day Afternoon). When viewed from the point of view of

Many cultures use animals for ceremonial or celebratory purposes, and Essay

Many cultures use animals for ceremonial or celebratory purposes, and often this means the animals must be killed or eaten - Essay Example Firstly, the argument for the preservation of animal lives at the expense of humans is hypocritical stance. The development of humans alone jeopardizes animal and natural surroundings. According to several studies, the expansion of human industrial and domestic areas has led to the extinction of numerous species and endangered others (Taylor, 191-222). Therefore, based on the same argument, it would be illogical to deny humans a living area at the expense of animals and the same applies to neglecting old traditions to save animal lives. Human traditions are an essential part of society and key in the development of future generations. Traditions and rituals are a mode of linking each person to his or her past and ensuring that certain factors are preserved within the community. Therefore, the act of killing animals for rituals is a symbol of a broader meaning with a more substantial value than the life of the animal. It resembles a community, its history and is the basis upon which future generations are formed. Therefore, this shows the importance of human tradition and the necessity of the animal killings that are performed in the

Data Analyzing Tools And Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Data Analyzing Tools And Techniques - Essay Example These statistical presentations are unable to draw out in-depth coverage of the actual information even after the allocation of huge investment in data analysis. Consequently, alternative devices are being taken into serious consideration to transferring the knowledge along with a statistical presentation of the entire data. The present study presents the model that successfully presents the model that accepts the challenge of transferring the data to knowledge and results in a comprehensive and refined way by encompassing every characteristic of the given information separately. It neither drops any information from an analysis nor does it conceals basic knowledge the actual data intends to communicate; hence, it is of great value for taking steps towards right direction while taking decisions and devising strategies at different organizational levels at large. Policymaking always relies upon accurate facts in recruitment, placement, promotions and even dismissal of employees; it is equally significant for examining of corporate culture, profit rate and visits and satisfaction scales of the customers regarding a particular organization as well. The model is based upon five key competencies including software technology skills, statistical modeling and analytic skills, knowledge of the data, knowledge of the business and communication/partnering skills, all of which are essential for data analysis. Since over three-fifths of the managerial staff views organizational and cultural factors as the greatest barriers to achieving targets, the model provides the all-inclusive presentation about organizational culture too. Particularly, data related to sales volume is most important for managerial staff, comprehensive and analytical record of which is essential for future business plans in technological, transformational and analytic processes.

Conclusion On Foot Reflexology Health And Social Care Essay

Conclusion On Foot Reflexology Health And Social Care Essay This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of foot reflexology in terms of enhancing psychological wellbeing of elderly people in selected old age home at Pondicherry. Ageing is the accumulation of changes in an organism or object over time. Ageing in humans refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Health is vital to maintain well-being and quality of life in old age and is essential if older citizen are to continue making active to society. Problems of the ageing are mostly not due to age but largely due to psychosocial environment, diminishing supports and changes in life situations. According to traditional medicine each foot has over 7,000 nerve endings, 26bones, 107 ligaments and 19 muscles. This type of drugless therapy creates a physiological change in the body by naturally improving your Circulation, which reduces our body Tension and enhances relaxation. It aids in the elimination of the body waste and restoring the body functions to better health. The objectives of the study were To assess and compare the pre and post level of psychological wellbeing of experimental group. To assess and compare the pre and post level of psychological wellbeing of control group. To compare the pre test level of psychological well being between experimental group and control group.. To compare the post test level of psychological well being between experimental group and control group. To associate the pre test level of psychological wellbeing among elderly with their selected demographic variables To associate the post test level of psychological wellbeing among elderly with selected demographic variables. The research hypothesis stated were There is a significant difference between the pre test and post test level of psychological well-being among elderly in experimental group at p

Film Pre-Production Essay Essay

When planning a film production a lot of things need consideration, for example money is an important element that will be needed to fund the production of the film, with the crew/cast needing payment for their work. Props need buying and depending on the dialogue of the movie they may be quite expensive along with the equipment needed to record and edit the movie and the setting of where you are going to film whether it be public or private property. And also such things as accommodation, food and travel costs will need to be paid for, so dividing up the money for a production of a film plays a large role in pre-production along with where the source of the money is coming from, and if the source of the money allocates a budget you will need to get all of these resources within the range of the budget. Before production of the film you need to consider the genre, and what audience the genre of the film will apply to, for example horror movies are generally watched by a younger audience so you may want the storyline to be relatable to them with the cast being younger adults and them living lives younger people might live themselves (studying, party’s etc.). Also the setting should be considered to apply to the genre for example if the genre is sci-fi you may want the setting at some point to be on a space ship, or be futuristic. The time allocated plays a big role in preproduction, with things like editing after all the filming has taken place needing consideration, so the filming can’t take place right up to the deadline. Also things like time to shoot scenes needs to be planned, along with the availability of the cast throughout the project. Legal requirements are also a part of pre-production with music having to be used that isn’t copyrighted along with all health and safety laws remaining intact, or whoever is put in danger could sue the production company a large sum of money postponing or stopping the production of the film. Location permissions are also needed to be granted or again the owner of the location may sue if film there is released, and any other rules set by regulatory bodies within the production of a film should also be followed. Material also plays an important role in the planning of a film, with research on the film being needed making sure the story hasn’t been done before and if it has, how you can make your production stand out more individually. Also there will be certain generics of the genre you will want your film to follow so it can be distinguished as that genre which is being aimed at. Music that’s not copyright will need to be found or produced, most likely produced if you want the film to have its own theme song like with many big blockbusters.

Problems That Families Face in Canada Essay

Introduction A Family is a group of people who resides in a household, which consists of several different types of families. Most problems such as divorce, abuse, alcohol or drug related problems and child abuse usually are the main dilemmas faced by Canadian families. If these problems keeps reoccurring to families in Canada the question we will have to ask ourselves will families keep on rapidly decreasing because of these present problems faced by Canadian families? In my opinion that’s why I wanted to embrace this topic because if these problems continue in the society we actually see a great change in the family structure in Canada. Also I want to touch on how child related such as adoption, teenage pregnancy and other problems are major issue of why there is a negative in change in the family structure. Usually in cases like these in terms of family problems I would not go off my own assumption I would also obtain perspectives from the Functionalist, Conflict. Feminist and Interacti onists Types of Families We realize that a family is relationship in where live together with a commitment to form an economic unit consider the group of critical to their identity and other reasons. Certain types of families would be Kinship A social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage or adoption is the basis of family structure. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) The extended Family A unit compasses of relatives in addition to parents and children all of who live in the same household. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) The nuclear Family Then we see after the years when industrialization was that nuclear family was created This is basically a unit is composed of one or two parents and his/ her / their dependent who live apart from the relative. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Single parent family A family that only has one parent running the household. Most of them in Canada being the female running the household and becoming the breadwinner. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Perspective on the changing family In each social problem we realized that couldn’t lean to our understanding of why certain problems are happening in the society we must definitely include the opinion from the sociological aspects from the Interactionist, Feminist, Conflict and Functionalist. Basically from the Interactionist point of view is that communication is an important part of understanding family roles which each member play in the household. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) They basically analyzed how each member of the family act out their roles and react to the parts played by others so we see that the family tend to develop through interactions between each other. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) What the interactionists are saying that most problems in the families are cause by women becoming more individualized and society emphasizing romantic love, which is mainly as unrealistic expectations. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) From the feminist theory they believed that males are more dominant than female way before capitalism and ownership of properties became an economic system. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) In more studies of the feminist they said that men labeled themselves as the â€Å" bread winners† because they are the superiors and woman were the inferior ones. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Also because of this inequality this lead to spousal abuse in terms the rates of spousal homicide has decreased but as of course female deaths higher are than males concerning this fact. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Also the conflict theorists think the same as the feminist what they think is that families are basically sources of social inequality and conflict over values and access to resources. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Also one of the main reasons is that conflict theorist say that women and children are basically owned by the male figure and they are almost like factory workers. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) From the functionalist perspective they basically stress the importance of family and maintaining stability of the society and the well being of people. They are saying that family sort bring an identity to an individual such as providing economic and psychological support, providing a social status for that member and socializing and educating children. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Child related Problems Child related problems in Canada is one of ways of why probably families change in some way as you can see these related can harmful effects on kids on the society today. We see certain problems of why certain kids have a certain negative behaviors because these certain dilemmas can bring on depression and anxious behaviors, also some problems such as maybe adoption and abuse can prevent a child from healing from stress related depressions I feel these play a part in the way kids behave and they way family structure shaken up to some of these child related problems. Parental Absence in this situation that can change a family structure. In certain parts of Canada it shown mostly mothers were more present because analyst proved that 78% of the woman that were married and living with a partner but 22% of the family were taken care by women of most of the time but Canada does have some, but not too many homes, where the dad is the only parent in the house. (Serbin, Temchiff, Cooperman, S tack, Ledingham and Scwartzman 2010) I feel that most families need two parents in the home because a dad would provide financial support, security and in my case lectures and lessons and you would need a mother for TLC (tender loving care). In which the child miss any of these growing up the child might be missing certain values in life for example: if a son grew without a dad you see that sometimes the boy might grow up sort of â€Å"soft† because there was no manly figure present. Adoption is definitely one of the related problems to a child. Adoption is a legal process through which the rights and duties of parenting are transferred from a child’s biological and/or legal parents to new legal parents. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) It is a present problem because the hardest to do as family who adopted a child is actually breaking the news to the kid that not that kids real parents and that can be very frustrating for a young child. (Serbin, Temchiff, Cooperman, Stack, Ledingham and Scwartzman 201 0) Another big problem would also be drug/ alcohol abuse. We see that in the society that many young kids our experiencing drugs at a early age such as marijuana and mainly alcohol substances. These drugs if taken at a early can maybe affect the child either physically or mentally. Kids that basically do drugs and alcohol at a constant mainly has poor averages in school and they tend get into a lot of trouble this is where in terms the parenting comes in to play about parents teaching kids not do drugs. (Serbin, Temchiff, Cooperman, Stack, Ledingham and Scwartzman 2010) In Canada One of the huge issues are mainly teen pregnancies. Over the years teen pregnancy has grown tremendously in the ranks and most pregnancies happen to teenage girls in bigger cities such as Halifax, Quebec and Newfoundland. We see that teen pregnancy bring out two themes which is poverty and lack of employment opportunity because according to social analyst teenage mother are unskilled at parenting and mostly to drop out of school and mainly not having enough social support. . (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Parent related Problem In facing social problems we have to realize not only children face problems but also adults face many problems as the leaders of the household. Domestic violence basically more mothers and kids face this problem because they are mostly the victims. (Dufour, Clement , Chamberland and Dubeau 2011) Mother are mostly hurt injured, raped or assaulted by their husbands or somebody else and also the kids can be affected by this as well. (Dufour, Clement , Chamberland and Dubeau 2011) Spousal violence is a part of Domestic violence where the man brings violence towards his wife in certain cases she can end up in hospital or even dead because most of the percentages are women. Men are less likely to be victims of spousal violence. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Divorce is another problem that parents may go through, Divorce is a legal process of dissolving marriage which permits the former spouse to remarry if choose to do so. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) The reason divorce sometimes is fro many such as religion for example: your lover is probably an atheist and you believe in God so that leads to some sort confusion and divorce can happen through status of job where the women in a dual earner home makes more than husband that can lead to some huge confusion and divorce. Final thoughts In my final thought I believe that most of these issues that change the family structure such as teen pregnancy divorce and alcohol and drug related issues is, in my opinion, mainly caused by poverty. In Canada we have a lot social classes upper, middle and lower class but in terms of poverty we have two types of poverty which is Absolute and relative poverty in where absolute poverty is when a family doesn’t have the income to provide the basic human necessities such as food water and shelter. Relative poverty is almost the middle class family who can definitely afford the basic needs but they cannot afford all menial things for their children such as education and insurance. Also from poverty children is being malnourished because they should be eating healthier because families that are not financially strong purchase unhealthier foods. Also another stress for parents because they could not get certain jobs because they lacked higher education from their earlier days they have to take low entry jobs with low benefits. I have experienced poverty as a child a growing up as adolescent when I moved into in grandmother’s neighborhood it was the worst neighborhood. My brothers and I were surrounded by drugs, poverty and bad friends also we suffered child abuse where my grandmother would just beat us sometimes just for going out side but here in Canada you can arrest your parents for disciplining but not where I was from you just took beating and move on. I felt my brothers and I experienced a lot of social problems mainly because of poverty I felt if we where better financial wise I think our lives a whole lot better. Bibliography Kendall, Diana., Vicki L. Nygaard and Edward G. Thompson 2011 . Social Problems in a Diverse Society. 3rd Canadian edition. This was our textbook for this year the writer basically explained social problems that people face in Canada Dufour, Sarah, Marie- Eve Clement, Claire Chamberland and Diane Dubeau 2011 â€Å"Child Abuse Disciplinary Context: A Typology of Family.† Journal of Family Violence The objectives of this study were to identify and validate types of violent family environments based on child abuse in a disciplinary context. The study is original in that it simultaneously takes into account the cognitive and behavioral dimensions of the parental role as it relates to the degree of family violence in a child’s life. Serbin, Lisa A., Caroline E. Temchiff, Jessica M. Cooperman, Dale M. Stack, Jane Ledingham. Alex E. Schwatzman 2010. Predicting family and other disadvantage conditions for child rearing from childhood aggression and social withdrawal: A30 year longitudinal study

Ricard Cory Essays - Richard Cory, Cory, Pavement, Free Essays

Ricard Cory Essays - Richard Cory, Cory, Pavement, Free Essays Ricard Cory Who are the people on the pavement? We certainly know what kind of person Richard Cory was. Richard Cory was a true gentleman from head to toe, the epitome of an aristocrat. The people on the pavement were a stark contradiction to Richard Cory. They were not schooled, far from rich, and drudged tediously in search of an unfulfilled hope that life would get better. There is a fine line between being schooled and being educated. One can be educated, yet not be schooled. For the most part, being schooled usually requires a certain amount of wealth. The people on the pavement were far from wealthy, therefore not many, if any, were schooled. The people on the pavement wished they could be this work of art known as Richard Cory. The commoners were infatuated with Richard Cory. They admired everything about this modern aristocrat. Richard Cory was like a king who condescended from his dais to walk among the commoners. What these so called people on the pavement failed to realize was that Richard Cory was a great actor too. Richard Corys life was all superficial. It was a disguise to hide the real Richard Cory, thus leading us to believe that the people on the pavement are ignorant. It is ignorance that ignites the flame of desire within that sometimes makes all of us wish that we could be a Richard Cory. What everyone, not just the people on the pave ment, fail to realize is that Richard Cory is a morose and deprived person within. These so called people on the pavement toiled rigorously from dusk till dawn. You ask why they labored so tediously? They may work so hard in order to survive. If they didnt, they would surely die due to the lack of the bare necessities. That sounds logical, they work in order to survive, but there is probably a deeper answer as well. Line one, in the fourth stanza recites, So on we worked, and waited for the light. The commoners drudged their entire lives, just so they could one day live like Richard Cory. They were in search of an empty promise. The people on the pavement dwindled their lives away looking for this false hope. They cursed their own lives, and craved Richard Corys. The people on the pavement were too ignorant to appreciate and value what little they had, and that is probably why they are just the people on the pavement. In conclusion, we have deduced a lot about the people on the pavement. The people on the pavement are not schooled, certainly not wealthy, eminently ignorant, and are lost in their fascination with Richard Cory.

Free Essays on Ethics Of Social Work

A most unquestionably rewarding career is one in which the well being of others is the main objective. A social worker is a professional whose agenda is working towards the betterment of others’ lives. Somewhat of a caretaker, whose complete and total dedication is for the noble cause of protecting human life and health in a moral and ethical manner. Social workers must cope with many diverse patients who are facing deep, personal calamities. These practitioners are the bearers of ocean-deep private and confidential information, thus carrying an enormous responsibility. The patients are banking on that all information confided with their social workers will remain confidential. All entrusted information is kept private, however, there are times where it is imperative that such classified information will be revealed. Confidentiality is grounded on the rights of privacy, yet nonetheless also on the responsibility to human life and security. Both are exceedingly of great magnitu de and must be weighed individually on a case-by-case scenario using professional training. Human life is and evidently shall remain of the highest priority. If human life is at stake, it is the social worker’s obligation to protect the client or the potential victim. Under such circumstances, a Social Worker is obliged to shelve professional ethics in complete similarly to Judaism, where a religious practice may be suspended in order to save a life. Judaism places life as the highest priority and life therefore, is of highest value. A scenario is painted whereby Shabbat dinner is suddenly disrupted by a call from a patient who is currently standing over a bridge and threatening to end his life unless his Social Worker will come and talk him out of committing such act. Driving on Shabbat is of course, a sin. According to Judaism, the Social Worker should, and must go to the patient in order to save his life. Consequently, keeping Shabbat would not be consider... Free Essays on Ethics Of Social Work Free Essays on Ethics Of Social Work A most unquestionably rewarding career is one in which the well being of others is the main objective. A social worker is a professional whose agenda is working towards the betterment of others’ lives. Somewhat of a caretaker, whose complete and total dedication is for the noble cause of protecting human life and health in a moral and ethical manner. Social workers must cope with many diverse patients who are facing deep, personal calamities. These practitioners are the bearers of ocean-deep private and confidential information, thus carrying an enormous responsibility. The patients are banking on that all information confided with their social workers will remain confidential. All entrusted information is kept private, however, there are times where it is imperative that such classified information will be revealed. Confidentiality is grounded on the rights of privacy, yet nonetheless also on the responsibility to human life and security. Both are exceedingly of great magnitu de and must be weighed individually on a case-by-case scenario using professional training. Human life is and evidently shall remain of the highest priority. If human life is at stake, it is the social worker’s obligation to protect the client or the potential victim. Under such circumstances, a Social Worker is obliged to shelve professional ethics in complete similarly to Judaism, where a religious practice may be suspended in order to save a life. Judaism places life as the highest priority and life therefore, is of highest value. A scenario is painted whereby Shabbat dinner is suddenly disrupted by a call from a patient who is currently standing over a bridge and threatening to end his life unless his Social Worker will come and talk him out of committing such act. Driving on Shabbat is of course, a sin. According to Judaism, the Social Worker should, and must go to the patient in order to save his life. Consequently, keeping Shabbat would not be consider...

Learning experiences from the Management Process Study Essay

Learning experiences from the Management Process Study - Essay Example The main thing for which the employers are looking for is the meeting of the goals and the expectations that they have. It is the duty of the employers to give a constant feedback to their employees so that they are aware of actually what their employees are up to (WESKE, 2007). This also helps the organization decide how much they actually need to train or guide their employees towards a better form. Feedback also makes them figure out if the profession they are pursuing is something they really want to do or if there is something else for them in store (MACMILLAN and TAMPOE, 2000). The Tuck man model of growth development of the group is related to the formation of a group and how the members of the group continue to behave in the group. The group that I have chosen to discuss is the group from my Organizational Behavior class. Group Formation The group that was formed contained of people all unknown to each other, since they all belonged to the different sections. The tuck man mod el explains the process a group of individuals go through to achieve a synchronized group that has cohesiveness and integrity. There are four stages given by the Tuck man model which claims that each and every group has to go through these stages before either the group forms completely or is dispersed completely failing to achieve any sort of cohesiveness. The stages in the model are Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing. Forming In this first stage, all the people are new to each other; they are usually at their best behavior trying to gain the impressions of the others around them and assess them. The people are usually focused on the task at hand and are goal oriented. In this stage of team, the supervisor should play the most active role by maintaining a cordial relationship between the members and making sure that no team member is left out. My group is past this stage, the process of forming went really well, where each of us realized the potential of each other and lear ned to respect each other for it. The forming process of our team was quite beneficial too as we learned about each other and were able to decide the tasks at hand in a good manner. Storming In the storming process of any group the members of the group openly begin giving their ideas and sharing with one another. At this point in time the group members also decide who their group leader will be and what type of leadership they prefer (POIRIER and WALKER, 2005). IN our case, the leader was predefined therefore the only that we had to decide was the type of leadership that we will have. There were a bit of issues as well because some of the members in our group were not agreeing to give-up their ideas. But thankfully we reached a common point and the whole process was decided then about how to carry on. We came out of this phase successfully as well. Norming In the norming stage the team members are all in harmony and happily working with each other in achieving the goal (PICKETT, 200 5). Our group is currently at this stage, we are all synchronized in our ideas and our working towards our goals. There is perfect harmony and no more clashes in ideas of the group members. Performing Performing stage is when the group starts to perform the tasks and behave like one unit. The things are all decided the task distributed and there is the smooth working of the group then. There are no internal or external conflicts. Our group is yet to reach this stage. LEARNING

Discuss the Battle of New Orleans and Andrew Jacksons role in the Essay

Discuss the Battle of New Orleans and Andrew Jacksons role in the campaign and battle. Why was Jackson successful What impact did the battle have on the war On US politics - Essay Example Karsner states that Jackson believed that even if British troops completely seized victory in the region, they will have nothing left if the region was burned down (Karsner 240). Later Jackson stood victorious against the British army as he had a lot of time to develop his defenses against the British army. Americans learned great lessons from this event and this event changed the shape and mentality of the politics of US. The first effect witnessed by Americans was that Jackson was able to be a part of the Whitehouse and was able to pursue his belief that the farmers and agriculturalists living in America were not benefiting from purchasing manufactured output from Britain and secondly people living in US realized that if America was to develop, they cannot rely on other supreme powers such as great

Philosphy of education Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Philosphy of education - Term Paper Example It helps in developing a world where justice, equality and standards of life are core principles to aid and guide humanity. The acquisition of education, however, requires a great deal of struggles form the individual. An educated person is the one who is civilized, morally enlightened and understands human dignity as a core principle which should not be compromised in any field. An educated society hence, creates certain implied duties on the individuals to work for mutual benefits leading to technological advancements, help each other to maintain peace in the society and maintain relationships to keep the learning track going. Plato’s theory of education explained learning as an ongoing process where learning develops with the growth of a person. He proposes that an individual’s learning continues from 6 to above 50 years of age. Learning, according to Plato, is a must to thrive in the society. In the same way I consider learning as an important and integral part of a person’s life which cannot be separated but rather a person should stay open to accept and follow new ideas, thoughts and issues.

The Effect of Grammar Learning on Speaking Ability of Efl Learners Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Grammar Learning on Speaking Ability of Efl Learners Essay Nowadays, one of the hottest issues in the field of foreign and second language learning or teaching is how to converse fluently in the target language. Generally speaking, most of the EFL learners believe that their knowledge in English is nearly assessed by the way they can interact in the target language. They maintain that their linguistic knowledge and their abilities in other skills—reading, writing, and listening—are not that much important. What is significant is their ability in conversational situations. Of course, this belief belongs to lay and ordinary people. Unfortunately, a majority of EFL teachers and instructors follow this point of view in a broader sense, too. These instructors declare that in learning English EFL learners do not have to be trained from the grammatical point of view. Now, the question is that is it really no relationship between the grammatical rules and learning to communicate fluently in a foreign language? The linguistic knowledge in English consists of the ability to analyze and recognize the structural features and components in the language. These abilities are concerned with phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic issues. The building blocks of the communication are grammatical points which make the structure of a language. Before starting to speak many factors and components must be formed in a person’s mind. First, the sounds should be matched with each other to shape different words. Second, these words need to be united together to form phrases, clauses, and at last sentences through which a particular meaning can be conveyed. Considering these facts, we can say that it is probably impossible to communicate in a foreign language without knowing the grammatical rules and structures of the target language. The focus of this paper is to review the literature in order to find any possible relationships between these two elements in the view of other researchers in this field of study. Also, at the end of this article, the opinions of a group of Iranian EFL learners will be presented about this issue to clarify the aim of our research better.

To Sir with Love: discourses, positions and relationships :: To Sir, with Love Essays

Research Paper Identify and discuss professional issues in education evident in a film or a piece of young people’s literature in which a teacher plays a fairly cental role. This essay will critically analyse the discourses, positions and relationships, as well as certain individuals habitus’ (after Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1992, cited in Gale & Densmore, 2000), which influence the classroom of Mark Thackeray (Sidney Potier) in the film To Sir with Love (Clavell, 1966). Via this analysis, I argue that the film portrays a simplistic, commercial palatable rather than a realistic image of the challenges of teaching, leading the viewer to a distorted perception of the implications of the various discourses employed. In order to clarify this point, I compare several incidents depicted in the film, with the same incidents as they are described in the autobiographical book by E.R. Braithwaite(Braithwaite, 1959), upon which the film is based. In doing so, I will evaluate the pedagogy of the films teacher (Thackeray) against the standards set for graduates and teachers respectively by the Queensland Board of Teacher Registration (hereafter BTR) and Education Queensland (hereafter EQ). Identifying the faulty conclusions which an uncritical viewing of the film may lead to, with regard to the availability of equal opportunity and social justice, I will make specific recommendations for reconstructed teaching practice, drawing on literature on social justice and democratic schooling. The film To Sir, with Love (hereafter ‘the film’), centres around three interlinked individualist assumptions: that social and economic advancement is sure if one tries hard enough (meritocracy), that race and class are no barrier to social and economic advancement (‘equal playing-field’), and that innate talent rather than learnt skill, plays the most crucial role in a person’s success (giftedness). These will be referred to in turn below. In contrast to this individualist stance, E.R.Braithwaite describes early in his book To Sir, With Love (hereafter ‘the book’) how his race had mitigated against his acquiring an engineering position for several years, despite excellent qualifications. He reacts to these difficulties by presenting his students with many examples of the interdependency of humanity: the brotherhood of Man. In the film, Mark Thackeray too, continues to apply for engineering positions while teaching at North Quay Secondary.. Only at the end of the film is he finally offered the lowly post of ‘Third Assistant Engineer’ by a firm outside of London, despite his ‘astounding qualifications’, but paradoxically it seems this event is meant to emphasise the recurrent theme of the cinematic retelling of this story: that ‘Anything’ is possible with enough persistence and effort.

Articles of association Essay

This sets out the rules for running the company. It contains the procedures for calling shareholder meetings, the number, rights, and obligations of directors, shareholder voting rights, and lastly details of how accounts will be kept and recorded.  Once these two documents have been agreed they are sent to Companies House (a government body that watches over limited companies). If everything is in order, the registrar of companies’ issues a Certificate of incorporation, which allows the company to start trading out makes the company a separate legal entity from the owners. Details of the director’s and the secretary’s intended address for the registered office as well as their personal details and information of other directorships they may have held within the last five years.  This must be signed after all the other documents as it confirms that all the other registration requirements have been fulfilled. This declaration must be signed before a solicitor.  Once all the forms are completed, they should be send to the company’s house where they are checked for such instances as confirming that the prospective officers of the company are not on the disqualified directors’ list. How the ownership suits the business activity  Peacocks group’s ownership suits their activity because they operate on a large scale by selling a wide range of goods like women’s wear, (lingerie, night wear, swimwear, e-vie fashions), men’s wear (jackets, shirts, ties, trousers), children’s wear (new borns, toddlers, babies), street wear, foot wear, home wear. With this, they employ more than 5000 personnel and trades from over 385 stores throughout the UK. The profits Peacocks receives from selling their goods is used to pay wages, and buying other products to be sold from the suppliers. Because Peacocks is a large company, it gets a lot of profits from different branches and can manage to sell a large number of products and also employ enough staff to maintain the smooth running of the business. Relationship between the size of the business and the type of ownership  Peacocks is a large business covering 110,000 square feet and has about 385 stores in the UK. It operates on a large scale and this is one of the reasons why it is a public limited company. It employs 5000 personnel to work for it throughout the UK.  The industrial sectors to which my businesses belong  The primary sector is concerned with the production or obtaining of raw materials. This includes occupations like farming, forestry, fishing and mining, and oil and gas drilling. For many products, such as fish fingers, this will be the first stage of production. The fish will be then sold on for processing at the secondary stage. The secondary sector deals with manufacturing, processing, construction, and assembly. This relates to manufacturers of consumer and industrial goods. A paper mill, a carpet factory, and a house builder are all found in this sector. Secondary industry processes the goods that come from the primary industry and turns them into something that people want. My two businesses, which are Peacocks, and Top Girl hairdressers both belong to the same industrial sector. They both belong to the tertiary sector, which is known as the service sector. The tertiary sector includes all the providers of services to businesses and to individuals, and can be divided into four sections. These are business services, financial and business services, transport and communication, retailing, distribution, hotels and catering. They belong to this sector because they provide services. Peacocks mainly provides retailing while top girl hairdressers provides hair styling. Top girl hairdressers also provides retailing but as a side activity. It sells a few hair products to its customers just in case they come to get their hair done without any products. They also provide information about maintaining hair. Peacocks sells women’s wear, men’s wear, home wear and children’s wear.Consultancy work is generally popular- tax consultants, management consultants, and computer consultants. Whenever there is constant, rapid change that affects business you will find that consultants are often used to advise how best to adjust to these. Recruitment agencies and selection consultants depend on the job market. When unemployment is high they may struggle, when employment is good and people are looking to change jobs regularly they benefit from increased business. Don’t forget that recruitment agencies often specialise in temporary employment opportunities.  Security firms are becoming more and more popular. Certainly many retail organisations do. Security services are normally sub-contracted because this is more cost-effective than employing and managing specialised security staff.  Industrial cleaners are also sub-contracted. Your college probably buys in its cleaning services rather than employing cleaners. This has been a growth area for entrepreneurs in the past few years.  Secretarial services are generally less popular than they were several years ago. The use of computers and modern software packages means that many people can produce their own documents quickly and easily.

Comapre 2 Grief theorists Essay

Grief and bereavement are different for each individual, that is no two people will experience a loss in the same way. A loss is the absence of something we deem meaningful. Over the years there have been many different theories of grief, but it is not a ‘one size fits all’ approach. The aim of this paper is to compare two grief models, namely Dr Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ Five Stages of Grief and Dr William Worden’s Tasks of Mourning including the Seven Mediators of Mourning. After comparing the two models the paper will then look at how the two models are different and finish with a case study using one of the models. Dr Elisabeth Kubler-Ross was a Swiss born Psychiatrist. During her in psychiatry residency she was appalled by the treatment of patients who were dying. She began lecturing medical students and forced them to face dying patients. Her extensive work with the dying lead to the writing of her book ‘On death and dying’ (1969). In this book she proposed the Five Stages of Grief, being denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance, which most people will feel when faced with death. Whilst this model was initially for the dying patient it has been later adapted for the bereft. Dr Kubler-Ross notes that these stages are not meant to be completed in a strict order or are indeed the only emotions the bereft will pass through. Other researchers studying the process of loss and grief have recognised these stages as well as the fact that they do not have to be experienced in any particular order but are all part of the grieving process. The bereaved may vacillate in and out of some stages before completing this part of the process. Grief begins at the moment a loss is recognised, long before death actually happens. Dr Kubler-Ross’ Five Stages of Grief will be explained in more detail below: Denial. Shock and disbelief that the loss is happening. Numbness and even a sense of isolation that takes over the bereaved and for brief periods of time. Do they remember that they have suffered the loss? Anger. Why me? The bereaved may find themselves angry at the loss or themselves for wishing it would all end. Bargaining. This is usually about making a compromise with God or other deity. â€Å"Just let my baby have a heart beat on this ultrasound and I’ll do whatever you want† or your friend asks God to let him live a while longer and he’ll promise to quit smoking. Depression. Becoming so sad that things just don’t matter anymore. Feelings of hopelessness, sorrow, and despair overwhelm the bereaved. Acceptance. Coming to terms with reality. Loss is part of life and cannot be avoided. If the loss is the death of a loved one then a feeling of calmness and peace that the berefts loved one is no longer suffering and is at rest or peace, having gone on to a better place. These stages can come in any order and can be intertwined. The bereft will experience grief in their own way and their own time. Some people will move through the grieving process quickly, and others take much more time to grieve. Some bereaved people may effectively remain in denial for a long time and put off their grieving. The Four Tasks of Mourning is based on research by Dr J William Worden, PhD, who is currently a professor at Biola University in California. Dr Worden (2009) theorised that the grieving process was broken down into four main tasks of grieving and seven mediators of mourning which could be addressed individually or at the same time. Dr Worden’s Four Tasks of Mourning are: Task 1: To Accept the Reality of the Loss. During this task, the bereft must face the reality that the loss is real. In the case of a death the bereft must come to harsh terms that the deceased is never coming back. Task 2: To Process the Pain of Grief. This task is just as the title of the task suggests, that is, to process the pain and to find a way to cope with the pain until it passes. Task 3: To Adjust to a World Without the Deceased. Within this task there are three adjustments that need to be made; external adjustments, internal adjustments, and spiritual adjustments. Task 4: To Find an Enduring Connection With the Deceased in the Midst of Embarking on a New Life. ‘to find an enduring connection with the deceased in the midst of embarking on a new life’ (Field, Gal-Oz & Bonanno, 2003). Worden also identifies seven determining factors that are critical to appreciate in order to understand the client’s experience which he calls the Mediators of Mourning. These include: (1) who the person who died was; (2) the nature of the attachment to the deceased; (3) how the person died; (4) historical antecedents; (5) personality variables; (6) social mediators; and (7) concurrent stressors. These mediators include many of the risk and protective factors identified by the research literature and provide an important context for appreciating the idiosyncratic nature of the grief experience (Corr & Coolican, 2010). Issues such as the strength and nature of the attachment to the deceased, the survivor’s attachment style and the degree of conflict and ambivalence with the deceased are important considerations. Death-related factors, such as physical proximity, levels of violence or trauma, or a death where a body is not recovered, all can pose significant challenges for the bereaved. Dr Worden’s work is an important development in the understanding of the process of coping adaptively with bereavement as each task is clearly defined in an action-oriented manner. The writings of both Dr Kubler-Ross and Dr Worden have had a substantial impact in the world of loss and grief. Although the simplicity is surely attractive, Dr Kubler-Ross’ theory has not been supported by research and it has largely been abandoned by clinicians and researchers alike (Harvard Mental Health Letter, 2011). Dr Worden (2009) suggested that we look at grief as a series of tasks rather than stages as detailed above. Both models have what could be defined as steps in the grieving process and these steps provide the counsellor a theoretical framework in which to work. Neither of the two models are designed to be linear in their process and in fact the bereft may swing back and forth between some of the steps in each model. The danger with these, and all other models, however, is that they can be normative and tell people how they ought to experience grief. Individuals are all unique and experiences of grief vary from person to person. Therefore, the emphasis on moving through the stages may not, in reality, respect where each individual is. After all, some may never actually want to â€Å"get over† the death of a loved one. Consequently, there is a risk that people who are not following these stages might be labelled as suffering from a â€Å"complicated† or â€Å"unresolved† grief and may be intervened with unnecessarily or inappropriately (Hamama-Raz, Hemmendinger & Buchbinder, 2010). Case Study Penny is 48 years old. She is in a defacto relationship with Leonard for the past seven years. She has three grown up children, one living nearby, the other living in Melbourne, and her daughter, Katherine (24 years old), living at home and working. She is healthy and has a steady job. She has limited contact with the husband from whom she had been divorced when the children were very young. Leonard is a magazine editor and had never married. When he had met Penny they seemed just right for each other. They were each other’s best friend. Leonard had not been feeling right for a short time before consulting his doctor. Tests showed a malignant mass in his bowel. He was operated on to remove the mass and he was to begin chemotherapy soon after. This weighed heavily on Penny and Leonard, despite the optimistic prognosis offered by Leonard’s doctors. In Penny’s life, the routine of the household was that she woke Katherine up in the morning, as she was notorious for sleeping through her alarm clock and arriving late for work. One morning, Penny bent over to shake Katherine awake, but this morning she could not be awakened. She had died during the night. Penny called an ambulance, and within minutes the paramedics were there but Katherine had been dead for several hours. The doctors were unable to establish a cause of death even after extensive testing. The next days were a total blank as Penny went through the motions of all that had to be done. The family gathered, the funeral took place, and Penny blocked most of it out. Penny has been unable to function. Her grief and depression are crippling and overwhelm everything. For the first few weeks, she could not eat or sleep. She was unable even to consider returning to work, as she was immersed in her grief. Leonard suggested that she should get some help, so Penny went for group counselling at a local agency. The group proved somewhat helpful and it enabled Penny to return to work about eight weeks after Katherine’s death. At work, she found herself short tempered, snapping at colleagues, she was preoccupied and could not focus and she was frequently late. She was able to get through the days, only to come home and cry. It was her anger that finally propelled her into individual counselling. She was unable to be civil to her work colleagues â€Å"who were idiots.† The few friends that she still had were objects of her wrath. She found herself irrationally lashing out at anyone who even slightly annoyed her, and she began to feel isolated and frightened by her own actions. She began individual bereavement counselling in December, eight months after Katherine had died. If I was counselling Penny I would assess which of Worden’s four mourning tasks were not complete and make an effort to address the gaps. If Penny has not accepted the reality of the loss, then Penny has to begin the letting go of the deceased. However, if the difficulty is in experiencing the pain, then I would help Penny feel safe enough to feel both the positive and negative aspects of his or her grief. This safety would be built up through the accepting relationship established between myself and Penny. If adjusting to the environment seems to be the hurdle, then problem solving would become the focus of helping Penny to make the needed changes to get back to living. If Penny were unable to engage in relationships and withdraw her emotional energy from Katherine, then I would have to work with her to help release her from the binding attachment to Katherine and to be free to develop new relationships. Often the bereft are afraid to let go of the deceased for fear that the deceased will be forgotten. It may be constructive for me to counsel Penny on how to build new connections to Katherine, new ways to think about her in a more spiritual or ethereal manner. I would also urge social connectedness with others by encouraging and supporting efforts in that direction. In conclusion, every person will experience grief and loss at some stage of their lives. It is the way that this grief and loss is handled by the counsellor that can help the bereft deal with their loss and move past it, incorporating the loss into their lives. An effective counsellor can only do this if they are familiar with the theories of grief and loss. References Beyond the five stages of grief. (2011). Harvard Mental Health Letter, 3. Corr, C. A., & Coolican, M. B. (2010). Understanding bereavement, grief, and mourning: implications for donation and transplant professionals. Progress in Transplantation, 20(2), 169-177. Field, N. P., Gal-Oz, E., & Bonanno, G. A. (2003). Continuing Bonds and Adjustment at 5 Years After the Death of a Spouse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 110-117. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.1.110 Hamama-Raz, Y., Hemmendinger, S., & Buchbinder, E. (2010). The Unifying Difference: Dyadic Coping With Spontaneous Abortion Among Religious Jewish Couples. Qualitative Health Research. doi:10.1177/1049732309357054 Kubler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying. New York: Macmillan. Worden, J. W. (2009). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Co.a

Operation Catapult at Mers El Kebir (World War II)

Operation Catapult at Mers El Kebir (World War II) The attack on the French fleet at Mers el Kebir took place on July 3, 1940, during World War II (1939-1945). Events Leading up to the Attack During the closing days of the Battle of France in 1940, and with the German victory all but assured, the British became increasingly worried about the disposition of the French fleet. The fourth largest navy in the world, the ships of the Marine Nationale possessed the potential to alter the naval war and threaten Britains supply lines across the Atlantic. Voicing these concerns to the French government, Prime Minister Winston Churchill was assured by Navy Minister Admiral Franà §ois Darlan that even in defeat, the fleet would be kept from the Germans. Unknown to either side was that Hitler had little interest in taking over the Marine Nationale, only ensuring that its ships were neutralized or interned â€Å"under German or Italian supervision.† This latter phrase was included in Article 8 of the Franco-German armistice. Misinterpreting the language of the document, the British believed that the Germans intended to take control of the French fleet. Based on this and a distrust of Hitler, the British War Cabinet decided on June 24 that any assurances provided under Article 8 should be disregarded. Fleets and Commanders During the Attack British Admiral Sir James Somerville2 battleships, 1 battlecruiser, 2 light cruisers, 1 aircraft carrier, 11 destroyers French Admiral Marcel-Bruno Gensoul2 battleships, 2 battlecruisers, 6 destroyers, 1 seaplane tender Operation Catapult At this point in time, the ships of the Marine Nationale were scattered in various ports. Two battleships, four cruisers, eight destroyers, and numerous smaller vessels were in Britain, while one battleship, four cruisers, and three destroyers were in port at Alexandria, Egypt. The largest concentration was anchored at Mers el Kebir and Oran, Algeria. This force, led by Admiral Marcel-Bruno Gensoul, consisted of the older battleships Bretagne and Provence, the new battlecruisers Dunkerque and Strasbourg, the seaplane tender Commandant Teste, as well as six destroyers. Moving forward with plans to neutralize the French fleet, the Royal Navy began Operation Catapult. This saw the boarding and capture of French ships in British ports on the night of July 3. While the French crews generally did not resist, three were killed on the submarine Surcouf. The bulk of the ships went on to serve with Free French forces later in the war. Of the French crews, the men were given the option to join the Free French or be repatriated across the Channel. With these ships seized, ultimatums were issued to the squadrons at Mers el Kebir and Alexandria. Ultimatum at Mers el Kebir To deal with Gensouls squadron, Churchill dispatched Force H from Gibraltar under the command of Admiral Sir James Somerville. He was instructed issue an ultimatum to Gensoul requesting that the French squadron do one of the following: Join the Royal Navy in continuing the war with GermanySail to a British port with reduced crews to be interned for the durationSail to the West Indies or the United States and remain there for the rest of the warScuttle their ships within six hoursIf Gensoul refused all four options, Somerville was instructed to destroy the French ships to prevent their capture by the Germans. A reluctant participant who did not wish to attack an ally, Somerville approached Mers el Kebir with a force consisting of the battlecruiser HMS Hood, the battleships HMS Valiant and HMS Resolution, the carrier HMS Ark Royal, two light cruisers, and 11 destroyers. On July 3, Somerville sent Captain Cedric Holland of Ark Royal, who spoke fluent French, into Mers el Kebir aboard the destroyer HMS Foxhound to present the terms to Gensoul. Holland was coldly received as Gensoul expected negotiations to be conducted by an officer of equal rank. As result, he sent his flag lieutenant, Bernard Dufay, to meet with Holland. Under orders to present the ultimatum directly to Gensoul, Holland was refused access and ordered to leave the harbor. Boarding a whaleboat for Foxhound, he made a successful dash to the French flagship, Dunkerque, and after additional delays were finally able to meet with the French admiral. Negotiations continued for two hours during which Gensoul ordered his ships to prepare for action. Tensions were further heightened as Ark Royals aircraft began dropping magnetic mines across the harbor channel as talks progressed. A Failure of Communication During the course of the talks, Gensoul shared his orders from Darlan which permitted him to scuttle the fleet or sail for America if a foreign power attempted to claim his ships. In a massive failure of communication, the full text of Somervilles ultimatum was not relayed to Darlan, including the option of sailing for the United States. As talks began to stalemate, Churchill was becoming increasingly impatient in London. Concerned that the French were stalling to allow reinforcements to arrive, he ordered Somerville to settle the matter at once. An Unfortunate Attack Responding to Churchills orders, Somerville radioed Gensoul at 5:26 PM that if one of the British proposals was not accepted within fifteen minutes he would attack. With this message Holland departed. Unwilling to negotiate under threat of enemy fire, Gensoul did not respond. Approaching the harbor, the ships of Force H opened fire at an extreme range approximately thirty minutes later. Despite the approximate similarity between the two forces, the French were not fully prepared for battle and anchored in a narrow harbor. The heavy British guns quickly found their targets with Dunkerque put out of action within four minutes. Bretagne was struck in a magazine and exploded, killing 977 of its crew. When the firing stopped, Bretagne had sunk, while Dunkerque, Provence, and the destroyer Mogador  were damaged and run aground. Only Strasbourg and a few destroyers succeeded in escaping the harbor. Fleeing at flank speed, they were ineffectively attacked by Ark Royals aircraft and briefly pursued by Force H. The French ships were able to reach Toulon the next day. Concerned that the damage to Dunkerque and Provence was minor, British aircraft attacked Mers el Kebir on July 6. In the raid, the patrol boat Terre-Neuve exploded near Dunkerque causing additional damage. Aftermath of Mers el Kebir To the east, Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham was able to avoid a similar situation with the French ships at Alexandria. In hours of tense talks with Admiral Renà ©-Emile Godfroy, he was able to convince the French to allow their ships to be interned. In the fighting at Mers el Kebir, the French lost 1,297 killed and around 250 wounded, while the British incurred two killed. The attack badly strained Franco-British relations as did an attack on the battleship Richelieu at Dakar later that month. Though Somerville stated we all feel thoroughly ashamed, the attack was a signal to the international community that Britain intended to fight on alone. This was reinforced by its stand during the Battle of Britain later that summer. Dunkerque, Provence, and Mogador received temporary repairs and later sailed for Toulon. The threat of the French fleet ceased to be an issue when its officers scuttled its ships in 1942 to prevent their use by the Germans. Selected Sources HistoryNet: Operation CatapultHMS Hood.org: Operation Catapult

Wheaton College Admissions Data and Acceptance Rate

Wheaton College Admissions Data and Acceptance Rate If you are interested in attending Wheaton College, know that they accept around  three-quarters of those who apply. Learn more about what it takes to get into this college. About Wheaton College Wheaton College is a private, Christian liberal arts college located in Wheaton, Illinois, west of Chicago. The college is interdenominational, and students come from over 55 church denominations. The college has a 12 to 1 student / faculty ratio, and undergraduates can choose from 40 majors. The college frequently ranks highly among national liberal arts colleges and best value colleges. Wheaton is also one of the 40 schools Loren Pope included in his well-regarded Colleges that Change Lives. In athletics, the Wheaton Thunder compete in 22 NCAA Division III intercollegiate sports in the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin (CCIW). Will you get in if you apply to Wheaton College? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Wheaton College Acceptance Rate: 79  percentGPA, SAT and ACT graph for WheatonTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 590 / 710SAT Math: 580 / 690SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanTop Illinois colleges SAT comparisonACT Composite: 27  / 32ACT English: 27  / 34ACT Math: 25  / 30ACT Writing: - / -What these ACT numbers meanTop Illinois colleges ACT comparison Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 2,901  (2,456 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 47 percent Male / 53 percent Female98 percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $34,050Books: $800 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,560Other Expenses: $1,900Total Cost: $46,310 Wheaton College Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of Students Receiving Aid: 87  percentPercentage of Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 80 percentLoans: 53 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $17,344Loans: $7,108 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Biblical Studies, Business, Communication Studies, Elementary Education, English, History, International Relations, Philosophy, Psychology, SociologyWhat major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Retention and Graduation Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 95 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 82  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 91  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Football, Track and Field, Wrestling, Swimming, Tennis, Soccer, Golf, Basketball, Baseball, Cross CountryWomens Sports: Soccer, Swimming, Softball, Tennis, Basketball, Track and Field, Volleyball If You Like Wheaton College, You May Also Like These Schools University of Chicago: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPepperdine University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBaylor University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPrinceton University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStanford University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphVanderbilt University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphYale University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Michigan: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCalvin College: ProfileTaylor University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWestmont College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Wheaton College Mission Statement mission statement from wheaton.edu/welcome/aboutus_mission.html Wheatons mission statement expresses the stable and enduring identity of the College - our reason for existence and our role in society and the church. All the purposes, goals, and activities of the College are guided by this mission. Wheaton College serves Jesus Christ and advances His Kingdom through excellence in liberal arts and graduate programs that educate the whole person to build the church and benefit society worldwide. This mission expresses our commitment to do all things - For Christ and His Kingdom. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Complete Guide How Much Does College Cost, Really

Complete Guide How Much Does College Cost, Really SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're thinking about going to college, you probably know by now that an education is, well, expensive. It's not just tuition you're worried about - there are so many other costs associated with forging out on your own, especially if you'll be living away from home for the first time. The best way to tackle these expenses? First, you have to educate yourself about the reality of college costs.In this comprehensive guide, I'll walk you through all the expenses you'll need to consider when you go to college, both obvious and not-so-obvious. Then, I'll discuss factors that affect how much money you and your family actually pay out-of-pocket - it's not as hard as you think to get a first-rate education for a bargain. Major Costs These are the expenses you probably already know about. They're the big costs associated with getting a college education, and they'll make up the bulk of your expenses. College Tuition and Fees Your tuition charge is what you pay for actual academic instruction and class credit. Students are often billed per semester, credit hour, or quarter. Fees are often for mandatory student service charges and are tacked on to the tuition sothat they're reported together. For the 2014-2015 academic year, the average cost of tuition and fees was: $31,231 at private colleges $9,139 for state residents at public colleges $22,958 for out-of-state residents at public colleges Remember that this is just for one year of college - 4 years at private colleges can cost you well into thesixfigures. As you can see, there's a lot of variation in the sticker price of an education at different types of schools. What really matters, though, is the net price - what you actually end up paying. I'll discuss that more later in this post. As you might have noticed, there's a huge difference in the average public school tuition cost for residents and non-residents: a $13,819 difference, to be exact. You'll see an even more significant discrepancy in cost at certain schools. I've put togethera list of some of the largest public schools in the country so that you can see the difference in price based on residency: School Resident tuition Non-resident tuition University of Central Florida $6,368 $22,467 DeVry University (IL) $18,270 $18,270 Liberty University (VA) $20,300 $20,300 Texas AM - College Station $3,486 $12,782 Ohio State - Columbus $10,037 $27,365 Penn State - University Park $17,502 $30,452 UT Austin $9,798 $33,842 Florida International University $6,108 $18,508 Arizona State University - Tempe $10,957 $29,421 Michigan State $14,334 $36,934 Public universities can offer great educations at a great bargain for residents, but what about private schools? They're notorious for their higher sticker prices, which can scare off prospective students and parents. But remember, what actually matters is your net cost at a particular school.As it turns out, a lot of excellent private universities also have some of the most generous financial aid programs because of their larger endowments - they can afford to give more money to students, especially to attract high-caliber students who may not otherwise be able to afford to goto their school. This effectively lowers the net cost for many students. I’ve come up with an example to demonstrate cost differences for a student at an in-state public university, an out-of-state public university, and a private university with a generous financial aid program. My example student lives in NY state with a family income of $60,000/year, and an Expected Family Contribution (EFC) of $3,970, which I calculated using the FAFSA4caster (learn more here). Take a look: Resident: University at Buffalo Nonresident: Penn State Private: Harvard University Tuition only $8,871 $31,346 $45,278 Cost of Attendance (Tuition, room, board, fees, books, transportation, personal expenses) $24,916 $48,900 $64,700 Net Price (before student loans work study) $18,430 $45,875 $4,600 Net Price (after student loans work study) $9,708 $40,375 $1,600 Notice that the student's lowest net cost is at the school with the highest sticker price.Now, not all private schools will have financial aid programs as good as Harvard’s, but many prestigious private schools strive to meet 100% of their students' need (need = total cost of attendance - Expected Family Contribution). My ultimate point? Don't discount pricier schools just because you don't think you could afford them; your net price could be more reasonable than you think. I'll talk more about estimating your net price at the end of this post. College Room and Board Costs Room fees cover your housing and utilities, whereas board fees include your meal plan. Some schools offer customizable meal plans and housing options, so you can select room + board combinations that better fit your budget. Many students choose (or are required) to live on campus, especially their freshman year. Room and board charges are often lumped together. You may be able to pick and choose among room and board services if you move off-campus, assuming your school allows you to live outside of their dorms. Off-campus living expenses will vary by geographical area; it may be cheaper to live in an apartment if you attend a more rural college, but you may end up paying more if do the same at a more urban school.Getting a 1-bedroom apartment near Georgetown University will cost you around $2,000/month, for example, whereas a similar apartment near Arizona State University might only cost you $800. For the 2015-2016 academic year, the average cost of room and board was: $,516 at private 4-year colleges $10,138 at public 4-year colleges If only board fees paid for pizza like this in the dining halls. Hidden College Costs These are less obvious expenses associated with attending school but are just as important when it comes to budgeting for school and preparing adequately. When you come up with your own budget, try to be honest and realistic with yourself about how much you think you'll spend in each category. College Books Costs The average student spends about $1,200 per year on textbooks; it's easy to see how this adds up when some individual books can cost upwards of $200. You may end up spending less than this each year if you: Purchase used textbooks Rent course materials Share books with friends or classmates Check out textbooks from the library Purchase electronic copies of textbooks Travel Costs Travel expenses usually include travel between home and school, and travel while you’re at school. This will vary widely across students, for obvious reasons.To calculate your travel costs between home and school, consider: How often you plan on going home The average cost of a round trip (budget more if you’re traveling via plane/train/bus during the holidays) You’ll most likely incur some travel expenses while you’re at school as well, especially if your campus is scattered. To calculate these expenses, consider: How often you’ll be doing any sort of traveling (not on foot). Whether you’re bringing a car with you. If yes, include gas/parking costs in your travel calculation. Whether your school offers students discounted or free public transport passes. If not, research the cost of monthly public transport passes. Maybe you'll factor some more exotic expenses into your travel budget. Lab Fees Supplies If you’re not a science major, chances are you won’t have to pay many (if any) lab fees. These average about $50/class. Schools usually lump these in with textbook expenses, but since these numbers are just averages, expect to pay more in this category if you’re a science major. Personal Expenses in College These expenses include things like clothing, laundry, toiletries, haircuts, and entertainment. The average student might spend about $2,000 per academic year on these things. This amount might sound like a lot, but if you’re in school eight months out of the year, it comes out to about $60/week. If you tend to spend more money on things like fine dining, concerts, etc., you may want to work out your own personal expenses budget to keep track of how much you’re spending while at school. Estimating Your Total College Cost, With Financial Aid This guy doesn't know anything about college expenses, but he'll feel much better once he learns how to calculate his net price. The numbers above look large - sometimes amounting to over $50,000 per year - but don't fret just yet.A huge factor affecting what you’ll actually pay for school - your net price - is your family financial situation. Generally, the lower your family's income, the more financial aid you'll be eligible for, which translates to a lower net price. This has implications in two related (but separate) domains: Federal aid School-specific aid Scholarship money can also affect your net price - I'll touch on that at the end. Federal Aid Federal aid, which comprises grants like the Pell and loans like the Direct Subsidized and Direct Unsubsidized, is usually pretty standardized and easy to predict. Students who are interested in federal financial aid have to submit a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) every year (learn more about the submission process here). The information generated by the FAFSA not only informs federal aid awards, but also institutional awards and even private grants and scholarships. The most important figure generated by the financial information you enter into the FAFSA is called the Expected Family Contribution, or EFC. If your EFC is at or below certain thresholds, you’ll be eligible for different federal programs. For example, if your EFC is at or below $5,081 for the 2015-2016 academic year, you'll be eligible to receive the Pell Grant. Again, because federal aid is so standardized, you can predict with good accuracy what grant and loan programs you’ll be eligible for using the FAFSA4caster. You can get step-by-step instructions on calculating your federal aid using our Pell Grant Calculator guide. School-Based Aid If schools award their own institutional aid, they’ll use your FAFSA information (specifically, your EFC) to calculate need-based aid eligibility. The amount of aid schools award will vary widely based on their financial aid budgets. It’s pretty easy to estimate your net price at almost any school, especially if you know your EFC. Just Google â€Å"[school] net price calculator† - that’s what I did to estimate the cost for the schools in the chart above. Scholarships Outside of federal and school-based aid and scholarships, you might also consider looking into private scholarships. Scholarships can be awarded based on financial need, merit, or both. There are countless scholarship options out there, with many meant for students of different races, ethnicities, nationalities, genders, sexualities, and academic interests. You may want to start by checking out the National Merit Scholarship, or scholarships based on your standardized test scores. Putting it All Together: Calculate Your Net Price for College 1. Visit the FAFSA4caster to estimate your EFC. The FAFSA4caster will also estimate your eligibility for the Pell Grant and some federal loans. Get step-by-step instructions here. 2. If you have a list of specific schools you're interested in, visit their net price calculators (most schools have calculators available through their financial aid websites). Try Googling "[school name] net price calculator" for results. If you're not sure where you'd like to apply, try using the net price calculators at different types of schools (e.g. public vs. private). You may have to enter your EFC. Make a note of whether the calculators include estimates school-based aid, federal aid, or both. 3. Subtract aid that you think you're eligible for based on the calculations you did in Steps 1 and 2 from the total cost of attendance. If you anticipate any scholarship earnings, subtract that amount from the CoA as well. Voila - you have a net price! Keep in mind, though, that this is just an estimate; you won't have an official net price until you receive financial aid packages from schools. What's Next? Want to learn more about federal financial aid, which can bring down your net price? Check out our guide comparing Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans, as well as our Pell Grant guides to eligibility criteria and limits. Interested in strengthening your applications to schools that offer those generous financial aid packages? Get the best score possible on your SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Francesca Fulciniti About the Author Francesca graduated magna cum laude from Harvard and scored in the 99th percentile on the SATs. 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