Drugstore and Soda Fountains Essays

Drugstore and Soda Fountains Essays Drugstore and Soda Fountains Essay Drugstore and Soda Fountains Essay During the mid 1900’s in America, the normal medication store is included three sections: drug store, retail deals, and the ‘soda water fountain’. The soft drink wellspring is a distributor of enhanced syrups and carbonated water. Before long enough soft drink wellsprings were likewise used to depict frozen yogurt parlors, while counters in drug stores began selling soda pops (Leonard, R. B. , 1916, p. 322; Soft beverages, 2007). The soft drink water fountain’s notoriety can be credited to the inventiveness of American drug specialists. As of now in the matter of selling soft drink water, the American drug specialists later included flavors got from organic products, nuts, berries, roots, herbs, and other plant sources to the unflavored mineral water. Different fixings from plants and trees were utilized, for example, birch bark, dandelion, sarsaparilla, and other organic product extricates, some of which were intentionally picked for their restorative worth. Different added substances were picked to upgrade the presence of the unmistakable shimmering mineral water. City inhabitants just as unassuming community people delighted in savoring soft drink these foundations. Be that as it may, the acclaim of pop drinking fountains began to crumple with the coming of quick nourishments eateries, marketed dessert, and packaged sodas. In any case, this didn't mean the breakdown of the sodas business. Truth be told, soda pops experienced a lot of improvement through time. There have been a wide range of sorts of carbonated soda pops planned since forever and different organizations occupied with its creation. All things considered, this paper will concentrate just on the two monsters in the business: Coca-cola and Pepsi Cola. Coca Cola What is today the enormous name ‘Coca Cola’ was found and built up in 1886 by a drug specialist from Atlanta, Georgia named Doctor John Pemberton. By creating a drug that contained concentrates of caffeine-rich kola nuts and of the cocaine-rich coca plant to fix cerebral pain and headache, he delivered Coca-Cola (Carbonated Beverage, 2004, p. 8495). Elements of the Coca-Cola recipe and the how it was produced by Doctor John Pemberton is talked about in a book by Mark Pendergrast entitled, ‘For God, Country and Coca-Cola’. Mr. Pendergrast was allowed the chance to get to chronicled material of Coca-Cola and to talk with individuals inside Coca-Cola. This benefit gave him significant information from Coca-Cola sources (The Coca-Cola Recipe, 2007). It was set up in his examination that the creation of soda pops takes quality. For example, despite the fact that the water that is utilized in its assembling as of now originates from a sheltered and consumable source, further filtration forms are held set up to guarantee the nature of the item. In assembling soda pops overall, measures must be taken to guarantee immaculateness and consistency of the fixings on the grounds that any polluting influence that isn't screened would be carried on to the last soda item (Soft beverage, 2007). John Pemberton built a crude sifting contraption in his home made of sand from a close by waterway. It is in this crude separating contraption that he pours the seasoning blend produced using his formula to evacuate strong particles and whatever contaminations the water from the civil gracefully and different things in his syrup blend may in any case contain (The Coca-Cola Recipe, 2007). Before John Pemberton kicked the bucket, responsibility for Cola changed hands in 1887. The new proprietor Asa Candler, an Atlanta drug specialist and businessperson, likewise changed Coca-Cola’s recipe. Candler’s goal in doing this was to disallow imitators from delivering soda pops which are like Coca Cola since a lot of individuals definitely knew its unique recipe at the time Candler bought the rights to create it solely. Further, Candler made a few increases in the equation, for example, additive as glycerin, phosphoric corrosive as swap for citrus extract, decrease of its caffeine substance, and expulsion of cocaine as a fixing. In the updated equation of Asa Candler, the fixings were sugar, caramel, caffeine, phosphoric corrosive, coca leaf cola nut separate, lime juice, seasoning blend, vanilla and glycerin (The Coca-Cola Recipe, 2007). At present time however, changes have just been made in the previously mentioned Candler’s equation including. With corn syrup presently utilized as a sugar rather than sugar, its bundling additionally developed with the changing requests of the customers. Today, a long way from the first soft drinks of the medication store’s soft drink wellsprings, carbonated sodas are bundled available to be purchased in different compartments, for example, aluminum or metal jars, plastic jugs, and glass bottles. The organization likewise discharged a ‘New Coke’ equation on April 23, 1985, however it didn't do well to those familiar with the old Coca-Cola flavor so the old recipe was restored. Coca-Cola’s achievement and ubiquity can be credited to Asa Candler’s forceful promoting of Coca-Cola. Along with Coca-Cola’s achievement, the interest for syrup deals expanded. The organization offers syrup to free packaging organizations which have been offered permit to sell the soda pop. These days, Coca-Cola soda pops that are being devoured every day ascend to 9 digit figures (Bellis, 2007). Pepsi-Cola In 1898, Caleb Bradham, a drug specialist in North Carolina, had a soft drink wellspring in his drugstore. This is the place he served his clients reviving beverages: carbonated water blended in with restorative and tasty fixings which he himself picked. What he named as ‘Brad’s drink’ turned into his scandalous beverage in his soft drink wellspring. The elements of the said drink were sugar, carbonated water, uncommon oils, pepsin, cola nuts and vanilla. He made the beverage in 1893 (Bellis, 2007). This specific mixture is to become ‘Pepsi Cola’ in 1898. It was renamed after the key fixings, pepsin and cola nuts. In that equivalent year, Bradham bought from a contender that failed the exchange name ‘Pep Cola’ at the cost of 100 US dollars. In June of 1903, the name Pepsi Cola was first presented and trademarked. It was Bradham’s neighbor who accepted the position of structuring the first since forever logo of Pepsi Cola. Business was fruitful until he bet on the vacillations of sugar costs during World War I bringing about the bankrupt of Pepsi Cola in 1923. The year 1931 saw to the exchange of Pepsi Cola possession to the ‘Loft Candy Company’. The then organization president Charles G. Guth changed the Pepsi Cola equation. Be that as it may, this change made it hard for Guth to make Pepsi Cola a champ in the business so he turned to offering Pepsi Cola to the Coca-Cola Company, however without any result. 1940 saw to the formation of Pepsi Cola history since it was at when the principal business jingle, entitled ‘Nickel Nickel’, was made and broadcast all through the United States of America (Bellis, 2007). Like its rival, Coca-Cola, changes were presented in Pepsi Cola. In 1964, ‘Diet Pepsi’ was offered in the market.

Goldenstate Manufacturers Pvt Ltd Business Essay

Goldenstate Manufacturers Pvt Ltd Business Essay Goldenstate Manufacturers has a reason that is too support in materials working and fundamentally to make Profit in activity with material articles of clothing. They are additionally in top five business they despite everything need to be in showcase for Competition and keep up there Image, notoriety and status inside the Garment handling industry. Primary concentration for Goldenstate is to raise the profitability level with excellent yield. As found for the situation study, they were in top five organization yet they gone down because of client grumble because of poor completed great quality that when the objective was put on to take a stab at it. Enhance the creation and improve the nature of the completed article of clothing. It contrasts from a Non Profitable Organization in light of the fact that Goldenstate works revenue driven, Brand Name, Image and notoriety. Non Profit Organization works for social help, for example, Red Cross, Welfare Services, Church, and Mosque. These organizations work to serve the network, offer support to the individuals, they now and again use volunteers to work for them, and regularly work through Aids from greater associations or government associations yet Goldenstate has a structure, an administration and rules for their representatives who do paid employments. (Notes from Lecturer) Answer 1.2 Organization Chart Goldenstate Manufacturers ( Pvt) Ltd. Top managerial staff President Imprint Fraser HR and RD Depart Bookkeeping Fund OperationManager Carl 1500 + staffs Weaving Dept Chief Adam Deals Promoting Coloring Dept Chief James Finishng Dept Chief Ron Cutting Dept Sewing Dept Buy Dept Chiefs Chiefs Chiefs Chiefs Chiefs Chiefs Quality Control QC Staffs 100+ Staffs Staffs Staffs Group Leaders Staffs Group Leaders Staffs Group Leaders Staffs Group Leaders Staffs Group Leaders Staffs Staffs Answer 1.3 Clarify how powerful you feel the association is and list the primary aptitudes and capabilities required for it to be serious? Goldenstate isn't a compelling organization: they are inadequate in speed creation, ailing in correspondence, they are disordered and are getting client objections because of second rate completed well. Elite was not appeared. Co-organizing the progression of work was less. Models resemble, Carl is firm, exacting and thinks that its difficult to impart, high work pressure underway, absence of freedom for staffs, Dyeing and Cutting congested, creation held up in sewing. Goldenstate can utilize the accompanying aptitudes to arrive at the finished result with high caliber to be serious: Working rules can be given to each staff. Execution Appraisal. For example Clear working rules, systems followed. Duty and Accountability to be informed. E.g., Quality Control must be intensive checked at each phase of creation, and creation to correct the deficiencies before shipment such this can help in expanding organization picture and satisfy clients. Simplicity in the progression of work. E.g.: Each office must finish a lot of assignment on time thinking about different areas too. Clear needs and work routines. Staff credits (commendations) and consolation can be a key to accomplishment in holding staffs just as expanding quality creation. (notes from Lecturer ) Cooperation, regard among Management and Staffs Perfectly clear interchanges between CEO, Managers and Staffs with show viability in GoldenState. Arranging of Time and Staff Management ought to be done weeks sooner with the goal that staffs are not over forced. They ought to have a decent progression of correspondence among Managers and Staff individuals E.g. Gatherings, memos(notes from Lecturer ) Question 2 Answer 2.1 Clarify the initiative styles of Adam, the Knitting Manager, and James the Dying Manager, and remark on how proper you these are in the current circumstance? James, the Dyeing Manager is enjoyed by his group as his character here shows that he resembles a Laissez Faire. E.g.: the staffs dealing with themselves and James doesn't utter a word and just as Participative. free enterprise where the pioneer kicks back and permits things to occur. For instance, James, the Dyeing Manager. The initiative style of Adam, the Knitting Manager is straight forward as he cites My direction or NO way is Autocratic. Adam has the control and control over his order. his way is the thing that he needs from his staffs is that things are to be done and cultivated according to his guidelines. In current circumstance, his way the staffs under Adam may feel forced which can bring about staff leaving work, absence of correspondence, not taking staff inputs. (notes from Lecturer ) In spite of the fact that as a chief he is liable for his groups yield, he despite everything investigations the circumstance his way and staffs do it their approach to meet yield which can be noted as individual cooperation or great collaboration, a solid relationship with staffs. In current circumstance, James feel acknowledged and may comprehend their duties. James is adaptable just as its referenced that he makes no move if botch is made. He can attentioned as a Team Player for example on the off chance that one doesnt do he should do it without anyone else's help as a group laborer. In general the organization needs to enhance the creation and improve the nature of items, so these Managers are doing their best what they can to meet the objectives for GoldenState. (notes from Lecturer ) Answer 2.2 Utilize any persuasive hypothesis, or speculations, to prompt Adam, the Knitting Manager, how he may spur his staff so they will stay with the organization. Ensure you clarify what he should do and how he may do it? At present Adam has a my way or no chance hypothesis which doesn't persuade the staff. To spur the staff, Adam needs to give some Empathy which can show a similarity in staff and feel invited at unequaled. He should support and persuade his staffs by offering the freedom to certain degree just, being cordial with them, offer the work decent variety or in-house training(considering organization financial plan). To do this Adam ought to have normal workforce gathering and call for inputs from staffs, request new thoughts and what and by what other method staff figures they can be increasingly powerful (fundamental needs and anticipations). Adam can likewise call for motivating forces, he ought to be steady. Along these lines staffs will feel invited and later Adam ought to speak to his group with his bosses outlaying his area of expertise (notes from Lecturer ) concerns. This is the simple and right method of conveying inside an association. Adam should (Ethics) fabricate his trust and certainty among his staffs and be a good example and feel acknowledged and should feel himself in the group. Staff credits (gestures of recognition) and consolation can be a key to accomplishment in holding staffs just as expanding quality creation. Occupation pivot, advancement and augmentation. Adam can likewise utilize the two factor hypothesis like Hygiene factor and Motivator factor. ( acknowledgment, accomplishment credits, Job security, Organizational arrangements). The Maslow Hierarchy of requirements and Expectancy inspirations can likewise be utilized by Adam as follows. (notes from Lecturer ) The Maslow Hierarchy of requirements and Expectancy inspirations can likewise be utilized by Adam as follows. Level of execution required by Adam Last anticipated result from Adam and the business. Employments required by Adam for staff GOLDENSTATE MANUFACTURERS Victory Confidence and certainty Belongingness. Benevolence of staff The Safety and security of the staff Essential needs of staff, for example, Food, Water, Shelter. Physiological Answer 2.3 Imprint the CEO Has told Ron, the Finishing Manager, that he should designate more. Disclose to Ron the means he should take to appoint effectivevely ensuring you plainly disclose what he needs to do at each progression and how he may have the option to do unit? As per Mark the CEO, Ron (Finishing Manager) ought to be increasingly delegative. Ron should make the accompanying moves to adequately work his group of staffs, as we can see on the off chance that review that the laborers turnover in Finishing Knitting is high. Ron should impart the objective of the organization to each staff saying that the objective for Goldenstate is enhancing the creation and improve the nature of the completed article of clothing, recover Reputation and Image and state lets move in the direction of these objectives as a unified group. He should likewise say that improvement recommendations as criticism in sewing procedure will be exceptionally valued. Assignment is an essential administration aptitude. The prompt that I can give Ron is: Assemble up a Team conference and applause every one of his staffs for the great work they doing. Also, state to all that once an individual increases involvement with this Textile (Garment ) industry, there are higher possibilities for obligations and advancements. Errand to be given to the individuals who Ron believes is equipped for to all. For example, his group has more laborers turnover he can appoint certain assignment and furthermore continue preparing for those less experience. The Finishing group ought to be prompted by Ron about gathering the cutoff times and quality also, and every part should help each other to achieve the cutoff time. Ron should unmistakably exhort his group on Checking and controlling the quality.eg. checking kicking the bucket, stitching,etc before taking a shot at completing this is the place QCs can be exhorted. Ron should give his full help and impart to the base level and should likewise credit for success..e.g. express profound gratitude to every person on the exertion they put in to meet quality. Work audit must be finished by Ron on regular schedule e.g.: checking the doled out errand on completing articles of clothing. Ron should design his week by week target, orchestrate his week after week working list and approach the staff for any adaptability and solace on the off chance that they have any..e.g. not getting additional laborers per move. Benevolence with legitimate accountabilities to mindful staffs will cause them to feel acknowledged and them ready to show www.delegations.uwa.edu.au/Â additional exertion at work. Savvy Delegations can complete work Smartly. Ron ought to likewise exhort his group that when an item arrives at Finishing Team and on the off chance that they find

MULTINATIONAL CORP-EVOL & CUR ISSUE Movie Review - 2

Worldwide CORP-EVOL and CUR ISSUE - Movie Review Example As the budgetary emergency deteriorated, the Federal Reserve took uncommon and unmatched activities to restore money related steadiness. Joblessness rate kept on increasing until mid-2003, as the United States economy was bouncing back from a little downturn in 2001. The Federal Reserve was concerned that the economy would slide into downturn so they kept the government finances rate extremely low. The rate arrived at 1 percent by mid-2003 (Labonte and Makinen 9). As the economy extended and costs started to build, the government subsidizes rate was expanded to 5.25 percent by mid-2006. As per Labonte: It is presently contended by certain business analysts that the money related emergency was, in any event to some degree, because of Federal Reserve approach to guarantee that the then-progressing extension proceeded. Specifically, pundits currently guarantee that the low transient rates were saved unreasonably low for a really long time after the 2001 downturn had finished, and this caused an expanded interest for lodging that brought about a value bubble (Labonte and Makinen 9). The economy was increasingly more helpless to changes in transient loan costs generally because of the transition to gliding financing cost contracts from fixed loan fee financing for lodging. The Chairman of the Federal Reserve Benjamin Bernanke expressed that the low home loan rates were to a great extent brought about by an overabundance in worldwide investment funds. Bernanke went on the state that the Federal Reserve had little command over these investment funds because of limitations in the administrative structure. The Federal Reserves later strategy of fixing money related approach was to blast the lodging bubble, guarantee pundits. The pundits further propose that remiss loaning gauges, which were managed by the Federal Reserve, additionally added to the emergency. The resulting increment in bank influence proportions implied that they could obtain all the more expedite and make collateralized obligation commitment (subprime advances) in the securitization chain. At the point when the lodging bubble burst, it prompted a

Analyzing and Interpreting Data Essay

BIMS supervisory crew has been confronting a significant issue of high turnover and very low representative resolve. BIMS supervisory crew has asked Team B to help recognize the primary driver of the high turnover and low resolve and propose an adequate arrangement that will bring about a decline of both. Information Collection Conclusion In the previous hardly any months we at BIMS have learned, through the drop in workers that the company’s representative resolve was waning. Thus, to help the organization supports the employees’ assurance and friends picture, we chose all in all in the board by gathering information from those that are straightforwardly liable for or influenced by the issues, the examination should lead them to some goals to fix the issues we are looking with the turnover in workers. We offered studies to 449 staff individuals. The overview gathered data on mentalities, conclusions, and levels of fulfillment from the staff. We utilized the levels utilized ostensible, ordinal, and interim degrees of estimation for the inquiries. 449 workers were given studies, and just 78 turned in the review, which was under 18% of the representatives. The studies had imperfections and they were one-sided, making them not contain enough contribution to execute any changes. Summing up and introducing end In view of the ends spoke to in the gathered information of the review utilized by the board, the discoveries close the staggering disappointment of a lion's share of the workers studied. This review depends on a littler example of the whole worker base and speaks to just those that partook all the while and can't finish up the whole effect of how all representatives feel in regards to their boss and how they are at last treated as far as they could tell of reasonableness. The information gives the supervisory crew an investigate how their representatives feel, what is making them consider leaving the organization and offers a knowledge into what the supervisory crew can do so as to helpâ change the impression of those that vibe negative about any bit of the organization. Most representative fulfillment reviews loan the organization an all around developed investigate the beat of their work environment and record evidence of disappointment all through the organization, permitting th e proprietors or chiefs to fix the issues and establishment profitable changes in the region of concern (T. Englander, Employee Surveys, Sept. 1988). Another study with inquiries concerning why workers are leaving is recommended. Theory Statement Upon the audits the organization has presented another test asking representatives for what reason they are leaving. This overview permits the organization to concoct a theory proclamation and testing. A speculation is an announcement about a populace (Lind, and Marchal, 2011). The organization needs to diminish turnover and improve spirit. This makes our theory explanation if the worker turnover is diminished than the representative resolve will increment. Information from the organization is then used to check the sensibility of this announcement (Lind, and Marchal, 2011). The study can distinguish the regions of most noteworthy worry to the leaving workers. On the off chance that we take a gander at question 11 that asks workers the essential explanation that drove them to choose to stop, this could make a theory articulation of representatives who surrendered, did so in light of the fact that they didn't care for their director. Five Step Hypothesis test The theory test was performed on question 11. Inquiry 11 pose to what the essential purpose behind leaving the association is. After all the reactions were gathered 78 out of 78 reactions were assembled. Of the 78 reactions the two reasons that scored the most elevated clarifying why BIMS workers were leaving the association was 45% addressed their administrator while 24% were not happy with their compensation. The invalid speculation would be Ho: = 45 and the substitute would be Hî ±: ≠45. Testing mean with known change test size 78 populace change 0.932281 Mean 2.205128 Invalid Hypothesis: 45 Type I mistake 0.05 Z esteem - 391.92 P esteem (1tail) 1 P esteem (2tail) 2 Testing The choice was to play out a theory test on question 11 since this gave us the best understanding with regards to why BIMS representatives were deciding to leave the association or had low resolve. We chose to utilize a rate test to figure the reactions given by BIMS representatives for leaving the association. Beneath you can see that each question was separated by level of how every worker reacted. We took the reactions from each question totaled them and afterward partitioned them by the quantity of representatives that reacted which was 78. The rates would then be able to be placed into a pie diagram to make a visual effect. With the joined pie diagram it gives BIMS the executives an away from of their representatives sentiments towards the particular inquiries posed. For instance, the greater part of the workers who addressed the overview didn't care for their chief. Decipher Results The outcomes show examples of abhorrence toward the administration set up andâ financial motivating force paid to representatives. With 45% of all workers overviewed expressing their quick director isn't preferred, Team B trusts it best to present administration preparing with an end goal to facilitate the ominous strain from the practically half studied representatives. With restricted interest from the worker populace, the gathering can't firmly support change, in view of an uncertain reaction and differing degrees of disparities. Choice Group B utilized the factual information acquired from the worker review results to preclude certain credits with regards to why the representatives are leaving the organization at a quicker rate as of late. The information focuses to disappointment in pay and administration quality. The gathering accepts the choices made by the executives have prompted a higher stopping rate than any time in recent memory, while move times were positioned low as a purpose behind leaving. The review underpins proof that recommends changes do should be made in the board, and worker flight is applicable to the choices that have been being made in the course of recent months. The outcomes likewise report pay structures should be tended to, and the organization must perceive and be happy to comply with industry guidelines undoubtedly. End In the wake of handling the limited quantity of returned studies finished, the examination group closes the profits are awfully little to decidedly make solid changes in accordance with a significant number of the potential issues that might be making workers quit the organization. The group suggests the executives preparing with an attention on supervisor’s assurance flaunting techniques so as to help distinguish those that are not content with the present administration process that happens. The investigator likewise reports a need to investigate pay increments at the passage levels of the organization and put forth changes trying to build profitability and friends confidence. The group urges the organization to embed another autonomous unknown overview into each employee’s check with expectations of a more prominent return of information expected to emphatically make the correct changes and actualize the progressions to keep a more joyful and more beneficial workplac e. Reference Lind, D., and Marchal, W. (2011). Fundamental measurements for business and financial aspects (Revised/Expanded ed.). Boston. McGraw-Hill. Englander, Todd, Employee Studies, Incentive 1988, Sept. pg. 150

Beginners Guide to the Aztec Empire of Central Mexico

Learners Guide to the Aztec Empire of Central Mexico The Aztec Empire was a gathering of unified however ethnically unique city states who lived in focal Mexico and controlled quite a bit of focal America from the twelfth century AD until the Spanish attack of the fifteenth century. The fundamental political coalition making the Aztec domain was known as the Triple Alliance, including the Mexica of Tenochtitlan, the Acolhua of Texcoco, and the Tepaneca of Tlacopan; together they overwhelmed the majority of Mexico somewhere in the range of 1430 and 1521 AD. The capital city of the Aztecs was at Tenochtitlan-Tlatlelco, what is today Mexico City, and the degree of their realm secured practically all of what is today Mexico. At the hour of Spanish success, the capital was a cosmopolitan city, with various ethnic gatherings from all over Mexico. The state language was Nahuatl and composed documentation was kept on bark fabric original copies (the majority of which were obliterated by the Spanish). An elevated level of separation in Tenochtitlan included the two nobles and ordinary people. There were visit custom human penances, some portion of the military and ceremonial exercises of the Aztec individuals, despite the fact that it is conceivable and maybe likely that these were misrepresented by the Spanish pastorate. Course of events of the Aztec Culture Advertisement 1110 - Mexica leave their country (Aztlan)AD 1110-1325 - Mexica travel all through what is presently Mexico, searching for a spot to settleAD 1325 - Mexica settle TenochtitlanAD 1372-1391 - Rule of Acamapichtli, the primary lord of TenochtitlanAD 1391-1415 - Rule of Huitzilihuitzli; collusion with Tepanecs AD 1415-1426 - Rule of ChimalpopocaAD 1428-1430 - Tepanec WarAD 1430 -  Triple Allianceâ established between Mexica, Tepaneca of the city of Tlacopan, and Acolhua of the city of TexcocoAD 1436-1440 - Rule of ItzcoatlAD 1440-1468 - Rule of Motecuhzoma I (likewise called Montezuma)AD 1468-1481 - Rule of AxayactlAD 1481-1486 - Rule of TizocAD 1486-1502 - Rule of AhuitzotlAD 1492 -  Columbus arrives in Santa Domingo AD 1496 - Columbus second voyageAD 1502-1520 - Rule of Motecuhzoma II AD 1510 - Tenochtitlan floodsAD 1519 -  Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes landsâ on the Yucatan promontory and starts his attack on AztecsAD 1520 - Rule of CuitahuacAD 1520 - Fi rst smallpox scourge; Cuitahuac diesAD 1520 - Rule of Cuauhtemoc Promotion 1521 - Tenochtitlan tumbles to the Spanish A Few Important Facts about the Aztec Empire Population: In 1519, the number of inhabitants in the Basin of Mexico was evaluated at 1 million occupants, somewhere in the range of 100,000 and 200,000 in the capital city alone Extent: Thirty-eight areas were submitting tribute to Tenochtitlan in 1519, as per the Codex Mendoza State Language: Nahuatl, an Uto-Aztecan language Life Expectancy:â 37 years, due to highâ birth ratesâ and high newborn child death rates Writing: State archives concerning regulatory subtleties, for example, the measure of tribute paid to the capital city by every region were protected on brightly painted bark material paper, made by drenching and beating the internal bark of the fig or mulberry tree. Calendars: Like the Maya and other American developments, the Aztecs had two cycles to theirâ calendar, one a 365-day sunlight based year and one a 260 custom year. Joined, they made a 52-year Calendar Round. The Aztecs accepted terrible things occurred toward the finish of a Calendar Round. Ma rriage: Men could take the same number of spouses as they could manage. The primary spouse was head, yet all wives spun string and wove material, the two wellsprings of riches for Aztec families. Ethnographic Data: The best data we have on the Aztecs today originates from the compositions from individuals from the Spanish colonization power, such as Bartolome de las Casas and Fray Diego Duran. Aztecs Ritual and the Arts Intoxicants: Pulque, from matured agave sap;â peyotlâ buttons, datura, psilocybin, dark nightshade,â tobacco, morning wonder seeds,â chocolateâ in a beverage, once in a while seasoned byâ chili peppersâ and/orâ vanilla Lapidary Arts: Jadeite, obsidian, chalcedony,â spondylusâ shell Metallurgy: Two bronzes, one of joined copper and tin, and one of copper arsenic; cast bells,â rings,â and tweezers; some gold and silver. Much was imported from west Mesoamericanâ mines,â and metalworkers;â craft work in Tenochtitlanâ included pounding, filigree and lost wax techniques. The Feathered Serpent: This skillet mesoamerican incredible animal was called Quetzalcoatl in the Aztec language. Tlachtli Ball Game: Played with an elastic ball in a stone work court, the ball game called tlachtli was so essential to the Aztecs that 16,000 balls were imported from the Maya marshes into Tenochtitlan every year. Aztecs and Economics Markets and Trade Network: Cortes revealed that he discovered aâ large showcase systemâ in place in the Aztec capital city, where 60,000 individuals came to exchange products. During the Aztec Empire (1325-1520), the dispersion of merchandise was across the board to the point that a large number of the materials exchanged were mass-delivered in towns. Aâ long-separation tradeâ exchange framework was set up all through the Aztec Empire, with proficient merchants calledâ pochtecaâ carrying products, for example, fledgling plumes, cacao beans and, in particular, data. Currency: Gold adornments, materials, cacao beans, and beaten copper tomahawks. Developed Crops: Maize, beans, salvia, squash, tomatoes, desert plant, cotton, chile, manioc, goosefoot, amaranth,â cacao (chocolate), avocado, agave Domesticated Animals: Turkey, duck,â dog Agriculture: The chinampa arrangement of agribusiness utilized by the Aztecs comprised of a brought planting stage developed in a shallow swampland and inundated through a progression of barriers. Aztecs and Warfare Weaponry: Bow and arrow,â atlatl, oak broadswords with obsidian sharp edges, pushing lances, round shields of shoot solidified stick, stitched cotton defensive layer, and shield and outfitted kayaks. Ritual Sacrifice: According to put down accounts by the Spanish, detainees of war were directed to the highest point of the Great Pyramid in Tenochtitlan and yielded by having their hearts removed. Their bodies were then tossed down the means of the pyramid, where they were beheaded, eviscerated and eaten by Aztec warriors. This may have been overstated by Sahagun, however there is no uncertainty that custom penance was a piece of the ceremonies of Aztec war. Ritual Bloodletting Bloodletting, or auto-penance, was an individual custom performed by Aztec elites. Empire: The Aztec method of government was to vanquish another domain, and afterward put in a pioneer over the current framework, as opposed to supplant the whole decision initiative. This exceptional mix of power and pay off was amazingly viable in keeping up aâ far-flung domain. Significant Archeological Sites of the Aztec Empire Tenochtitlanâ -Capital city of the Mexica, established in 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco; presently underneath the city of Mexico city Tlatelolcoâ -Sister city of Tenochtitlan, known for its enormous market. Azcapotzalcoâ -Capital of the Tepanecs, caught by the Mexica and added to the Aztec authority toward the finish of the Tepanec War Cuauhnahuacâ -Modern day Cuernavaca, Morelos. Set up by Tlahuica ca AD 1140, caught by Mexica in 1438. Malinalcoâ -Rock cut sanctuary assembled ca 1495-1501. Guiengolaâ -Zapotec city on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca state, aligned with the Aztecs by marriage Xaltocan, in Tlaxcala north of Mexico City, established on a skimming island Study Questions For what reason would the Spanish recorders of the Aztecs misrepresent the brutality and blood of the Aztecs in their reports back to Spain?What focal points are there to putting a capital city on a muddy island in a lake?The following English words are gotten from the Nahuatl language: avocado, chocolate, andâ atlatl. For what reason do you think these words are the ones we use today?Why do you think the Mexica decided to align with their neighbors in the Triple Alliance as opposed to vanquishing them?What job do you think illness played with the fall of the Aztec domain? Sources on the Aztec Civilization Susan Toby Evans and David L. Webster. 2001. Paleontology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encylopedia. Laurel Publishing, Inc. New York.Michael E. Smith. 2004. The Aztecs. fifth version. Gareth Stevens. Gary Jennings. Aztec; Aztec Blood and Aztec Autumn. Despite the fact that these are books, a few archeologists do utilize Jennings as a course book on the Aztecs. John Pohl. 2001. Aztecs and Conquistadores. Osprey Publishing. Charles Phillips. 2005. The Aztec and Maya World. Frances Berdan et al. 1996. Aztec Imperial Strategies. Dumbarton Oaks .

Sample Essays for a Teacher to a Teacher Professional Project

Sample Essays for a Teacher to a Teacher Professional ProjectWe have written a small article on the importance of samples of an essay in a teacher to a teacher professionally project. This is important because there are many college students that would really need a good essay writer for their projects and academic tests.The writer of the best possible essay needs to be perfect. There are two important elements that a student should consider in a writer: talent and understanding. A student should not fall prey to an employer's requirements to not take the time to write essays by using samples of an essay.Essays are like any other pieces of writing - a person should always avoid sloppy work or poor grammar. Both of these types of errors can make the essay seem terrible. It will not help when a student is applying for college courses, and college applications should not be filled out using an essay that is extremely short or poor.Teaching that should not be written without samples of a n essay is never wrong. Sometimes it may seem as if the writing style of an employee is in poor shape. Some teachers are also not familiar with the various style guides that teachers use to determine proper grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure. They do not know how to teach students how to write properly or what type of essays to write.This is why it is so important for the student to ask for samples of an essay from professional writers. A student should never think that they should just allow a teacher to teach them. The student should not trust a teacher to tell them how to write a good essay.Many professors samples can help a student get started in teaching and should be used to help students. These samples will provide the student with a plan of writing that they can follow in order to get their ideas across. The student should always write their own samples of an essay, but it is not wise to write without samples of an essay from a professional.Many professor s will write a letter of recommendation for students that are to be hired into a position where they will work with someone, such as an administrative position or writing a letter for a school project. The professor will want to see that the student has a good understanding of how to write a letter of recommendation. A student should never write a letter of recommendation without samples of an essay.This is because the assignments from a professor should always be used as examples of the type of essays, a student can write in order to get more experience. The student should not allow a professor to dictate what type of essays they should write and what type of essays they should avoid. The student should write samples of an essay to get some experience.

The Impact of Roots and Identity in The Cartographer Tries to Map a Way to Zion - Literature Essay Samples

The rastaman never gets involved â€Å"with the muddy affairs of land†, he would rather proudly explore his Jamaican roots in order to overcome the constant clash inside hybrid beings. The Cartographer Tries to Map a Way to Zion is the epitome of the instability of hybrid identity and as such, it brings us to reflect upon the roots and identity of the personas, i.e. the rastaman and the cartographer. Kei Miller explores the past as well as both the physical and spiritual places which constitute his roots in order to illuminate the present. However, a significant part of The Cartographer Tries to Map a Way to Zion evinces control over the emotions implied by roots, as the persona learns to embrace the British culture and admits both a rastaman and a cartographer lie in him. It takes some retrospection, in this case the probing of the intangible, spiritual, or physical place we come from to truly understand who we are and why we are acting in a certain way in the present. Therefore, Kei Miller draws towards his home and heart, referred to as Zion, in order to find a certain harmony and comfort in the face of adversity, in this case, the clash of cultures or to a larger extent, post-colonialism. In the poem in which the rastaman gives a sermon, the use of the religiously connotated noun â€Å"sermon† has two meanings: either it is a religious talk which gives us the indication that Miller is on his way to understand where he has come from and ready to be in communion with himself or sermon in the sense of a long or tedious piece of admonition. The first meaning reminds us of the beginning of the poem: â€Å"the rastaman says: to get to Zion you must begin // with a heartbless, a small tilt of the head, a nod†, in which Zion is the place you find after a long quest for peace and harmony, whereas if the meaning of a long or tedious piece of admonition is retained, we can stop after â€Å"to get to Zion you must†, for in this case, the whole poem giving instructions on how to get to Zion is pointless, like a sermon — you do not get to your roots, but you do sometimes have to find them. Indeed, there is no use in trying to find Zion for â€Å"lions who trod don’t worry bout reading Zion. In time is Zion that reach to the lions†, the metaphor of lions, being us, implies that Zion is not a place which you find but rather a state of mind which finds you at the right time. Kei Millers literary works convey a sense of insurrection, as they denote a lack of will to comply to the Western world’s cultural and linguistic requirements and expectations. Hence, it is as if Kei Miller was evoking an irreplaceable bond with our home — both homeland and spiritual place, our principal roots —, which is however being challenged by the timeless post-colonial matters such as hybridity and the sudden shift of culture. The inherent character of identity is put forth in the collection The Cartographer Tries to Map a Way to Zion. Kei Miller refuses to abandon his identity and forget his origins even once he lives in the Western world; this is demonstrated by the use of Jamaican patwah in each poem whose speaker is the rastaman. In Quashie’s Verse, â€Å"quashie† being a person who is of low breeding and class in Jamaican patwah and in this poem referred to as â€Å"He // who can no longer // measure by kend or by // chamma or by ermijj a†, the combination of patwah use and enjambements strikingly convey a sense of belonging to the Jamaican community and a disapproval of the Western conventions: Kei Miller refuses to use official, academic British English, thus as a reader, we feel as if he was using a way to display disapproval of the colonizing country. Moreover, the use of enjambements reinforces the idea that Kei Miller refuses conventions. In his 2012 PhD thesis, Jamaica to the world: a study of Jamaican (and West Indian) epistolary practices, it reads: â€Å"the descendants of all the various race groups began to forge a unified identity and see themselves as Caribbean people, then it is they also begin to migrate – to separate themselves from the islands which had finally become home†, the inherent character of identity is highlighted with the phrase â€Å"unified identity†, which blends together unification, an ensemble, and identity, which is strictly personal and proper to an in dividual by definition. The metaphor â€Å"home† referring to the Caribbean islands and the fact that Caribbean peoples are forced to leave their hometown refer to colonialism and denote a certain bitterness during postcolonialism from the colonized populations’ behalf. In The Cartographer Tries to Map a Way to Zion, Kei Millers roots highly influence Kei Millers writing and journey to the eternal Zion, inasmuch as his mentioning of roots is emotionally driven. We even notice a sense of progression throughout the collection in terms of the impact of roots, for there is a rise in tension. Such a tension is caused by the evident reclaiming of territories and disapproval towards colonists behaviour and actions. For example, in the poem in which the rastaman disagrees, disapproval is made obvious from its very title: â€Å"disagrees†. As a reader, we do not know why the rastaman disagrees, therefore there is a sense of wait created as the justification is being postponed, thus being longed-for. The following passage of the poem is crucial to the understanding of Kei Miller’s views on colonialism and mapmaking: â€Å"the mapmaker’s work is to make visible // all them things that shoulda never exist in the first place // like the con quest of pirates, like borders, // like the viral spread of governments†. We feel tension, as it is obvious the rastaman’s emotions are involved in the simile â€Å"viral spread of governments†. He compares colonialism to a disease, thus something which no-one wants to exist in the first place, like a cancerous cell within an organism spreading or, at a larger scale, a virus spreading in a population; this simile is emphasized by the anaphoric repetition if the comparative adverb â€Å"like† and the harsh sounds echoing when we read the consonants in â€Å"viral spread of governments†. Such harshness in those consonants’ sounds can be likened to colonizers’ firm grip and unrighteous mindset. Thus, the mapmaker’s work is to make visible the consequences of disasters which occurred under colonialism. Nonetheless, Kei Miller stays thankful to England, an ex-colonizer and current hosting country of the poet, as he embraces the English culture he henceforth considers as part of himself. Naturally, in this respect Kei Millers roots have an impact neither on the poems nor on us, as readers. In the same poem, in which the rastaman disagrees, surprisingly, Miller is showing evidence of attachment to one of his homelands, after all: Britain, in â€Å"— like board houses, and the corner shop from which Miss Katie sell her famous peanut porridge†. Here, Kei Miller accepts the British culture for he openly refers to a traditional British meal, furthermore the importance of this Britain-dedicated part of the sentence is emphasized by the use of a dash; he respects Britain and considers its culture and moors. It can also be argued that roots do not have an impact in some of the poems, for example in which the cartographer asks for directions, for conversations between rastaman a nd cartographer occur within Miller’s mind: the rastaman speaks, to which the cartographer answers: â€Å"Yes†. Miller is indeed both a rastaman and a cartographer at the same time, and all of this is just an illustration of the internal conflict of a hybrid being. Kei Miller explores his ancestors’ past and his own roots to elucidate the mystery of identity and draws towards his heart to acquire a whole new exclusively placid and lucid vision of reality, to which adds the revolt of Jamaicans, who are strongly bonded thanks to the inherence of one’s roots. The impact of roots evolves throughout The Cartographer Tries to Map a Way to Zion, giving birth to a self acceptance as a hybrid individual, consequently the duality between the emotional rastaman and the rational cartographer is being accepted, as Kei Miller realises he has both in him. Both personalities are complementary, thus the newly wise Kei Miller is being found by Zion, a place where mapmakers and immapancy adepts match, in short where harmony resides.

Essay on Hamlet -- Spirituality - 1865 Words

Hamlet -- Spirituality Does the Shakespearean drama Hamlet represent a strictly secular writing, or does it veer into the spiritual dimension from time to time? This essay will delve into the spiritual side of the play. In â€Å"Judgment in Hamlet† Gunnar Boklund discusses the spiritual dimension of the ghost of King Hamlet: It is a commonplace to refer to Hamlet’s â€Å"dilemma† and a critical problem to explain in what this dilemma consists. A natural way to come to terms with the problem is obviously through the character that forces the dilemma upon Hamlet, that is to say, the Ghost. This is a particularly attractive approach, since it promises to bring the findings of modern research into Elizabethan†¦show more content†¦The Elizabethan drama was almost wholly secular; and while Shakespeare was writing he practically confined his view to the world of non-theological observation and thought, so that he represents it substantially in one and the same way whether the period of the story is pre-Christian or Christian (40). The first soliloquy, or â€Å"act of talking to oneself, whether silently or aloud† (Abrams 289), occurs when the hero is left alone after the royal social gathering in the room of state in the castle of Elsinore. He is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle. His first soliloquy emphasizes two religious/moral themes: the corruption of the world at large, and the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage to her husband’s brother: Must I remember? why, she would hang on him, As if increase of appetite had grown By what it fed on: and yet, within a month-- Let me not think ont--Frailty, thy name is woman!—(1.2) The first soliloquy ends with the arrival of Horatio, the hero’s closest friend (â€Å"Horatio, thou art een as just a man / As eer my conversation coped withal.†), and Marcellus, who escort the prince to the ramparts of Elsinore. At the ghost’s request, Hamlet swears to carry out vengeance on King Claudius for the murder of his father. John Dover Wilson in What Happens in Hamlet tells how the Bard envelopes the ghost in a â€Å"contemporaryShow MoreRelated Spirituality in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2389 Words   |  10 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚   Can anyone possibly deny the spirituality within the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet? Yes, some literary critics do. But most critics agree with the contention of this paper – that there is considerable spirituality present in the play. In his essay â€Å"Hamlet: His Own Falstaff,† Harold Goddard sees that Hamlet was made for â€Å"religion† and several other purposes: He [Hamlet] was made, that is, for religion and philosophy, for love and art, for liberty to â€Å"grow unto himself† – five forcesRead MoreEssay about Hidden Spirituality in Shakespeares Hamlet2169 Words   |  9 Pagesthe author of this essay, the obvious presence of considerable spirituality within the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet. The purpose of this paper is to identify and elaborate on selected spiritual elements in the play. Not all critics appreciate the spirituality in Hamlet. A.C. Bradley’s Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth presents a different interpretation regarding the presence of spirituality within the play: For although this or that dramatis personaRead MoreEssay about Indecisiveness in Hamlet839 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares Hamlet is truly a great play to analyze. It is also unique in that a play based on revenge we dont see any action until the end. Hamlet has immediate suspicion and proof of his fathers murder and does not act. This poses the question, why does it take so long for Hamlet to kill Claudius? Hamlets apparent indecisiveness to act is due to his constant habit of over thinking in addition to several conscious and subconscious distractions. Immediately following Hamlets conversationRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet might well claim to be Shakespeares most famous play because of its language and the charm of its central character. Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays. Taken individuallyRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1470 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet was composed by William Shakespeare, first performed in July 1602 and first published in printed form in 1603. An inherent tension between confrontation and resolution is revealed through Hamlet’s characterisation within Shakespeare’s play. It is evident that there is a significant level of internal confliction that contributes to the amount of tension. Conflicted emotions, in relation to Hamlet’s morals and beliefs, cause a distinct increase in tension, yet recognition of ones human natureRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare542 Words   |  2 Pagesstricken due to the loss of a loved one. Hamlet is suffering the loss of his father, King Hamlet of Denmark, who he believes was murdered by his own brother Claudius. Samuel Johnson is suffering the loss of his wife. People deal with grief in many different ways. Both characters had behavioral or cognitive changes and quest ioned their spirituality while dealing with such a heavy loss but acted on it in different ways. After his father’s death Hamlet allows his grief to consume his life. He wantsRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay2134 Words   |  9 Pagesin return for a wrong; returning evil for evil, vengeance† (Webster Dictionary). This play introduces Hamlet, a prince who goes on the quest to take revenge on his uncle who killed his father and Hamlet won’t rest on until he gives his uncle the punishment for killing the king. But this quest for him to get his revenges has some consequences that could lead to many deaths including himself. Hamlet thirst for revenge clouds his judgements, which leads to drastic consequences. The feeling of revengeRead MoreFamily in Jane Eyre and Hamlet2673 Words   |  11 PagesIn both William Shakespeare’s play, ‘Hamlet’ and in Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s novel, ‘Jane Eyre’ the self is an extremely powerful notion. One of the main constraints and one of the main motivators in both texts is the importance and influence of the family. Both texts explore the powerful impact of the family, or perceived family, to define or shape the self and the extent of influence that the family can have to alter, prevent or encourage development of the self. This influence is used effectively byRead MoreThe Ghost Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1566 Words   |  7 Pagesaround the platform in the the castle. The ghost was first discovered by the watchman, Francisco, then by Horatio. The ghost resembles King Hamlet who had recently passed away. His brother Claudius inherited the throne and married Queen Gertrude who was previously Hamlet’s wife and now the joint of the country. When Horatio and the watchmen bring Prince Hamlet, the son of Gertrude and the dead king to see the ghost, it speaks to him. The ghost said that it was his father but they did not know whetherRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello 2012 Words   |  9 PagesPersuasive/ Argumentative Essay: CONFLICT IS INDISPENSABLE TO DRAMA. SHOW THAT HAMLET PRESENTS BOTH AN OUTWARD AND INWARD CONFLICT. Submitted By: Jessica Gnanayutham Submitted To: Christopher Premdas Submitted On: January 15, 2015 Course: ENG 4U1 â€Å"I think what makes people fascinating is conflict, its drama, it s the human condition. Nobody wants to watch perfection. - Nicolas Cage As written above Nicholas Cage states that conflict is a definite part of us, human beings.

Fast Food Nation - 1487 Words

The Changing of the Food Industry â€Å"In many respects, the fast food industry embodies the best and worst of American capitalism at the start of the twenty-first century – its constant stream of new products and innovations, its widening gulf between gulf between rich and poor† (Schlosser 6). In 2001 Eric Schlosser published â€Å"Fast Food Nation.† Eric Schlosser’s early 21st century muckraking text, â€Å"Fast Food Nation,† attempts to shed light on the consequences of the fast food industry on American society. The rise and growth of the fast food industry, like the meatpacking industry, illuminates the evolution of the American dream in post-World War II America. â€Å"Fast Food Nation† is a book about fast food, the values it embodies, and the world†¦show more content†¦After WWII many women entered the workforce which only fueled the fast food industry. â€Å"A generation ago, three-quarters of the money used to buy food in the United States was spent to prepare meals at home. Today about half of the money used to buy food is spent at restaurants – mainly fast food restaurants† (Schlosser 4). Typical jobs of a housewife, such as cooking and cleaning, are now being done by other industries (Schlosser 4). The men and women of the household no longer have the time or energy after work to prepare a meal, so they turn to the fast food industries to do the job for them. Society today is starting to believe that the American dream can simply be advertised and purchased. Another social outcome from the fast food industry is that Ronald McDonald, McDonald’s fictional character, is now the second most recognized fictional character behind Santa Claus and some don’t even recognize Jesus Christ (Schlosser 4). The Golden Arches of McDonald’s are now more widely known than the Christian Cross (Schlosser 5). It is these things that are scaring a lot of Americans. Kids recognize and know more fast food companies than they do about school, religion, and other things they may need to know in the future. The fast food industry has played a role in America’s economy. Fast food restaurants are the leaders in so many different things. They lead in marketing and jobs employed. â€Å"The tremendous success of the fast food industry has encouraged otherShow MoreRelatedFast Food Nation1271 Words   |  6 PagesIntro  to  Political  Science 5/12/2013 Fast  Food  Nation The  investigative  journalist,  Eric  Schlosser,  has  written  a  book  to  illuminate  an  epidemic  that started  in  America  and  is  now  becoming  one  of  the  world’s  largest  problems.  In  Fast  Food  Nation, Schlosser  frames  today’s  Fast  Food  giants  in  history,American  entrepreneurialism,  and  over consumption  in  respect  to  consumer  and  employee  wellbeing.  The  power  of  all  modern  Fast  Food giants  combined  have  eclipsed  the  power  of  any  one  government.  Marketing  has  become  a  keyRead MoreFast Food Nation1133 Words   |  5 PagesFast Food Nation Fast Food Nation, by Eric Schlosser, is a stark and unrelenting look into the fast food industry that has ingrained itself in not only American culture, but in culture around the world. There is almost no place on earth that the golden arches has not entered. Aside from Antarctica, there is a McDonalds on every continent, and the number of countries that have fast food restaurants is growing on a daily basis. Schlosser describes in detail what happens behind the scenes, beforeRead MoreFast Food Nation2536 Words   |  11 PagesDialectical Journal – Fast Food Nation 1. â€Å"Hundreds of millions of people buy fast food every day without giving it much thought, unaware of the subtle and not so subtle ramifications of their purchases. They rarely consider where this food came from, how it was made, what it is doing to the community around them. They just grab their tray off the counter, find a table, take a seat, unwrap the paper, and dig in† (Schlosser 10). In this passage from the introduction, Eric Schlosser directly statesRead MoreFast Food Nation Examines The History Of The Fast Food1847 Words   |  8 PagesFast Food Nation examines the history of the fast food industry as the world began to consume the idea of quick and easy cuisine. This piece of investigative journalism really gives it s readers a look at the fast food industry and its development over time. This book is divided into two sections. The first section delves into the beginnings of the industry and how it developed into the large corporational business it is today. Th e second section examines the business behind the scenes. The bookRead MoreExamples Of Rhetorics In Fast Food Nation1038 Words   |  5 Pagesvery effective or ineffective at persuading an audience. This is seen in Eric Schlosser’s book Fast Food Nation in which he uses the three rhetoric tenets to better assure his claim of fast food but also use the rhetoric tenets ineffectively in an argument. By using these rhetorical ideas, his writing is very persuasive at points but also left unsuccessful at other times. The use of ethos in Fast Food Nation is seen many times to help Schlosser appeal as credible and trustworthy while ensuring thatRead MoreFast Food Nation: The Inconvenient Truth of Fast Food Essay572 Words   |  3 Pages ‘Fast Food Nation’ by Eric Schlosser traces the history of fast food industry from old hot dog stands to the billion dollar franchise companies established as America spread its influence of quick, easy and greasy cuisine around the globe. It is a brilliant piece of investigative journalism that looks deep into the industries that have profited from the American agriculture business, while engaging in labor practices that are often shameful. In Fast Food Nation, Schlosser goes beyond the factsRead MoreEric Schlossers Fast Food Nation And The Jungle1698 Words   |  7 PagesFast food restaurants exude bright colors, distribute meals with toys, and create a sense of happiness, but what truly goes on behind the scenes of this magical industry? In Eric Schlosser’s Fast Food Nation and Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, the authors use similar rhetorical strategies to reveal the motives and unconventional practices of the food industry. Schlosser conveys his purpose through the utilization of pathos, ethos, anecdotes and imagery as compared to Sinclair who uses historical referencesRead MoreFast Food Nation Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy called â€Å"Fast Food Nation 2008. The panel consisted of 1,000 respondents of ages 16-65 who provided their inputs with an online survey which was conducted between March 13 through 2008. Which was based on results on fast food restaurants like McDonald’s, Burger King , and Wendy’s are gaining popularity even through the economic hardship and recession. Marketing strategy has become more of influence on kids and young American’s. As population grows and the demand increases of fast food restaurantsRead MoreFast Food Nation By Eric Schlosser1678 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Congress should ban advertising that preys upon children, it should stop subsidizing dead-end jobs, it should pass tougher food safety laws, it should protect American workers from serious harm, it should fight against dangerous concentrations of economic power (Schlosser). People must wonder how is it that a fast food company has so much customers. Advertising is the answer. The power advertisers have to be able to influence so many people s decisions and affect people’s lives especially the livesRead MoreFast Food Nation, by Eric Schlosser Essay1928 Words   |  8 Pagesthe most shocking books of the generation is Eric Schlosser’s Fast Food Natio n. The novel includes two sections, The American Way and Meat and Potatoes,† that aid him in describing the history and people who have helped shape up the basics of the â€Å"McWorld.† Fast Food Nation jumps into action at the beginning of the novel with a discussion of Carl N. Karcher and the McDonald’s brothers. He explores their roles as â€Å"Gods† of the fast-food industry. Schlosser then visits Colorado Springs and investigates

Teen Smoking Essay - 540 Words

One of the largest issues today is adolescent smoking. According to a heath based website, nearly 90% of adult smokers start while they are still teens and they never intend to get hooked. They may start by bumming a cigarette or two from a friend at a party, and then go on to buying an occasional pack. Soon they realize that they cant go without that pack. Theyve gotten used to reaching for a cigarette first thing in the morning, after meals, or during any stressful time. They become addicted, both physically and psychologically. According to the American Lung Association, each day 6,000 children under the age of 18 smoke their first cigarette. Almost 2,000 of them will become regular smokers – that’s 757, 000 new smokers annually!†¦show more content†¦These teens may think that smoking shows that they are old enough to make their own decisions. To make matters worse, the tobacco companies are making millions from teen smokers. Tobacco companies use advertising to manipulate both teens and adults. They present images that are hard to shake, even when you know the truth. Have you ever seen a cigarette ad where people are wrinkled, middle-aged or coughing and in the hospital dying of lung cancer? Of course not! In most ads, smokers are shown the way that teens would like to be: attractive and hip, sophisticated and elegant, or rebellious. A 2002 study performed by the Research Triangle Institute states that the tobacco companies make 1.8 billion dollars annually from underage sales. It is interesting that they are making such large profits when it is illegal for a person under the age of 18 to purchase cigarettes. A recent survey by the The American Lung Association indicated that among students under 18 years old who were current smokers, 69.4% reported never being asked for proof of age when buying cigarettes in a store, and 62.4% were not refused purchase because of their age. The tobacco industry kills more people in North America from Monday to Thursday of each week than the terrorists murdered in total on September 11, 2001. That sounds unrealistic, doesn’t it? Well, smoking is an epidemic that affects us all, whether you are a smoker or you aren’t. In order to stop this epidemic, we need toShow MoreRelated Teens And Smoking Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pages Teens and Smoking Abstract Cigarette smoking is of interest to the National Institute on Drug Abuse both because of the public health problems associated with this form of substance abuse and because this behavior represents a prototypic dependence process. In the past few years the government has made every effort to reach the masses, in an attempt to curb the exploitation of tobbacco use, and its acceptance among Americas Youngsters. However, cigarette smoking among adolescents is on the riseRead MoreSmoking Among Teens2694 Words   |  11 PagesTopic: Smoking Thesis: Smoking among teens has been increasing in an alarming rate. What are the effects on cigarette advertising has on the teenagers and the numerous ways to quit smoking. Related Issues: 1. Reasons why teens pick up the habit of smoking 2. The Effects of Tobacco Advertisement 3. The numerous reasons people give up smoking 4. The Health benefits of quitting 5. Numerous Steps to quitting TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract pg 3 2. Introduction pg 4 3. LiteratureRead MoreKentuckys Youth and Teen Smoking1020 Words   |  5 Pagesrevenue from tobacco taxes to fund smoking cessation programs, and improve the quality of anti-smoking advertising campaigns. Teenagers normally function financially on a very fixed income, commonly working part time for minimum wage. With cigarette prices at $4.50 per pack a high school student can afford to smoke regularly, but when you double that price a student will think twice about the value of cigarettes. With the numerous health risks associated with smoking, buying cigarettes at any priceRead MoreTeen Smoking : By Chris Woolston950 Words   |  4 PagesWhile the article text written about Teen Smoker. I found that, today, as months turn into days and days into hours, the population of teen smokers dramatically increases. Apparently, there is enough material that helps to expound on this thesis. The author gives sufficient data about how teen smokers are increasing among youths citing ample convincing evidence from prior researches. He also gives the causes of the augmentation of the smoking behavior among teens and effective ways through which theRead MoreTeen Smoking : Education And Prevention1 146 Words   |  5 Pages Teen Smoking: Education and Prevention Virginia Western Community College Jessica Baise Assessment Public Health Problem Tobacco use usually begins during youth and young adulthood. Every day in the United States, more than 3,800 youth under the age of eighteen smoke their first cigarette. (Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults , n.d.) The progress of smoking occasionally to smoking every day is due to the highly addictive drug called nicotine. There are several reasonsRead MoreThe Addiction Of Cigarettes And Teen Smoking894 Words   |  4 Pagesdue to peer pressure. Smoking was my way of building social relationships. However, soon I was smoking more or an equal amount of cigarettes than my friends. Since the age of 19, I have been smoking twenty cigarettes a day, which is a pack of cigarettes daily. My addiction to cigarettes is a problem because it is affecting my health. I become fatigued due to smoking. When I do not smoke, I become stressed. Smoking also damages my cardio-respiratory system. In addition, smoking is affecting me economicallyRead MoreTeen Smoking : Education And Prev ention Essay3239 Words   |  13 Pages1 Teen Smoking: Education and Prevention Teen Smoking: Education and Prevention Virginia Western Community College Jessica Baise Assessment Public Health Problem Tobacco use usually begins during youth and young adulthood. Every day in the United States, more than 3,800 youth under the age of eighteen smoke their first cigarette. (Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults , n.d.) The progress of smoking occasionally to smoking every day is due to the highly addictive drugRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On Teens Ability On Learning2910 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Smoking has been a controversial topic ever since the 20th century. According to U.S Department of Health and Human, smoking has been recognized as the leading preventable cause of death in the United States in which 443,000 deaths are caused by intended active smoke and passive second-hand smoke each year. In addition, smokers are considered to be more likely to develop many diseases including coronary heart disease, respiratory disease, and lung cancer, and therefore tobacco use costsRead MoreTeen Smoking : Killing You Softly2315 Words   |  10 Pages Teen-Smoking: Killing You Softly Have you ever made bad decisions as a teenager? Consider the following: alcohol, drugs, theft, DUI, and skipping school. The life as a teenager is a constant battle for social esteem, yet in the myopic quest for that ephemeral satisfaction many make decisions based on impulses that trump morality and logic; one of the most detrimental is smoking. The Centers and Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) completed a research of estimating the use of cigarettes amongRead More Teen Smoking Essay764 Words   |  4 Pages Tobacco Advertising and its dangerous effects on young people. Tobacco Advertising Makes Young People Their Chief Target nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Everyday 3,000 children start smoking, most them between the ages of 10 and 18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers. In fact, 90 percent of all adult smokers said that they first lit up as teenagers (Roberts). These statistics clearly show that young people are the prime target in the tobacco wars. The cigarette manufacturers

The Battle Of The Civil War - 1245 Words

The American Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, determined the condition of the United States. The Southern slave states, also known as the Confederate States of America upon their secession from the country, attempted to keep the system of slavery alive for as long as possible. Many combats were fought during this four-year period; specifically, the battle in the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania from July 1st – 3rd, 1863, proved to be a pivotal turning point in the war. Author Henry Pfanz describes the battle in great detail in his historical analysis, Gettysburg: The First Day, examining the choices and costs made by both the Union Army of the Potomac and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. The vital decisions made during†¦show more content†¦To Buford’s credit, his defensive skills proved to be paramount that morning. Leading multiple brigades, he successfully defended his men against Confederate forces: â€Å"Though the cavalry’s morn ing battle was essential to the Union success at Gettysburg, it seems not to have been the knock-down, drag-out fight that some of the cavalrymen claimed it to be†. Arguably, Buford also understood the land of Gettysburg better than any other general. He recognized the importance of high ground around Gettysburg; the hills were perfect for his advantage. More importantly, he recognized that if Confederate forces seized said hills in the adjacent land, Meade and the Union Army of the Potomac would not stand a chance. To prevent such disaster, Buford’s brigades set up camps west of Seminary Ridge. His personal headquarters, the Eagle Hotel, intersected Chambersburg and Washington streets in the northeast corner. Pfanz suggests that the people of Gettysburg even felt safe with Buford in their incidence: â€Å"Although they [people of Gettysburg] had seen Confederate campfires on South Mountain and had a near visit by Pettigrew’s brigade, the presence of Buford†™s troopers gave them a sense of security†. Buford’s excellent defensive strategies reflected the performance of his troops, and thus, saved the Union I Corps from potential obliteration by rebel forces for days to come. Initially,

Essay Cold War Rhetoric of the Lysenko Era - 4528 Words

The Cold War Rhetoric of the Lysenko Era During the Cold War, the Soviet Union forced its biologists to support the theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, which opposed the conventional theory of genetics accepted by the scientists in America and most of the world. This theory that environmentally induced changes to an organism’s physical or biochemical traits could be passed on to its offspring was the main tenet in Lamarck’s work during the early 1800s. It was accepted by most biologists during Lamarck’s time, until the work of Darwin on evolution by natural selection in the mid-1800s and the discovery of Mendel’s work on heredity in the early 1900s lead most biologists to discount Lamarck’s theory. However, in†¦show more content†¦A Soviet scientist, Medvedev, argues that the dominance of Lysenkoism in the Soviet Union was caused by â€Å"the classification of science as bourgeois or proletarian, the government’s aim to increase agricultural productio n, the censorship in the press, the isolation of Soviet scientists, and the Soviet’s centralization of science† (247-252). Joravsky, an American scholar, discounts Medvedev’s argument on the influence of Marxist theory and emphasizes Lysenko’s appeal to improving collectivized agriculture (The Lysenko Affair 228). Soyfer, a recent Russian scientist, adds that Lysenko’s appeal to Stalin’s personal interests and views may have caused his popularity with the state (Lysenko and the Tragedy of Soviet Science 202). However, these scholars focus on the forces operating within the Soviet Union, and give little consideration to the larger Cold War climate. The rhetoric of Lysenko’s speech and other texts produced during the time shows that the Cold War had a profound influence on how ideas were interpreted. The Cold War environment may have motivated the Soviet state to support Lysenko’s theory because it conflicted at a fundamenta l level with the biological theory accepted in America and promised to propagate nationalist pride byShow MoreRelatedGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesfinding their way onto the Internet, info digitized (google books) †¢ Much knowledge residing in books today that have not found their way onto the Internet (exclusive information) †¢ But†¦ Gutenberg Project transcribes old literary texts from all eras, posting them online for free †¢ Websites such as Questia and JSTOR store full academic journals, books, newspaper, magazines †¦ (portable too!) †¢ Also limits imposed by costs of publication, book cannot contain everything. Editors sometimes

Social Media Manipulation

Question: Write an essay on "Social Media Manipulation". Answer: Social media manipulation is the methodology that involves deliberate portrayal of an illusion or crafting an argument that serves the purpose of a particular individual, cause, community or group. In most cases these groups involve a particular party. The propaganda of a wrong notion to the mass is one of the tactics while the other techniques are use of false logic, suppression of true information and often making vicious attempt of diverting attention of the populace. It has been noted from time immemorial that the common mass has a very limited attention span and media manipulation functions exactly pin pointing on this psychology. Hence, social media manipulation is a process which often resorts to unethical practices to accomplish certain objectives. But incorporation of certain ethical principles may propel social media manipulation (SMM) into a more positive direction. The FCC once decided to propagate net neutrality by regulating broadband as a tool for public, eliminating any scope for discrimination between high paying users and the low paying ones in regards of speeding up traffic (Newhoff 2015). This has been, undoubtedly, viewed as a boon as it appeared to protect universal digital rights on one hand, and the government reaching out into the free market, on the other. But this has not kept at bay the unethical practices related to the information manipulation theory (Lee 2014). Viewed from both sides, the entire action seems to pave the way to freedom of speech and expression, which is a primary requirement of human mind that craves for freedom even before the basics. And in this regard, the credit also goes to the internet giants like Microsoft, Facebook, Google, Amazon, eBay etc (Newhoff 2015). But the notion, that digital media is the only tool that can be banked upon for freedom of expression and democracy, is a myth. Presently Facebook happens to be the most cherished social networking site used by members irrespective of age, sex, nationality, caste or creed. It has been now known for both manipulation of image and text (Manipulation by information 2010). Hence, it is utterly easy to manipulate public opinion or color the expression for or against a definite issue through Facebook. It is not illiteracy or lack of intelligence that plays the convict in this context, but aggregated impression that actually colors the thought process (Newhoff 2015). Unless someone is tedious enough to delve deep inside every story or perform thorough research, it is quite obvious to be influenced by conglomeration of images, posts and headlines. When someone performs a Google search, the researcher, in most cases, happens to search the first page only. The one who failed to exist on the first page actually ceases to exist on internet (Newhoff 2015). So search results are doctored by social media leading to optimizing the preferences. Social media somewhat dramatically plays with peoples thoughts, ideas and emotions and cunningly serves certain purpose or ascertain political outcomes and the entire act of guile goes unnoticed (Birkett 2016). The discussion, though, highlights the gloomy aspect of social media manipulation, there are ways which can be persuaded to convert or influence SMM for the best interest of people. The most important change that must be brought in this regard is to incorporate many different layers of editorial and journalistic positions within the system of SMM vertically (Ward n.d.). And in this respect it must be said that the manifold vertical layers should include citizen journalists and bloggers in the newsroom or such vigilant individuals must be somehow closely related with the newsroom. Moreover, every manipulative attempt must have to be evaluated by the global community and social media platforms must pave the way for free exchange of opinions on every such promotions having manipulative power (Ward n.d.). And it is primarily such revamping of the entire system of SMM that is going to ensure the presence of ethical principles in its domain. References Birkett, A. (2016). Online Manipulation: All The Ways Youre Currently Being Deceived. Lee, K. (2016). How to Win Friends and Influence Your Audience: 10 Theories to Know For Greater Persuasion. Newhoff, D. (2015). Social Medias Power to Manipulate. [online] The Illusion of More. Ward, S. (n.d.). Digital Media Ethics. [online] University of Wisconsis.

Leon Battista Alberti Victor Marie Hugo free essay sample

Compares critical aesthetic philosophies of architecture of 15th Cent. Renaissance Italian architect 19th Cent. Romantic French novelist. Though both Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) and Victor Marie Hugo (1802-1885) looked to the past for examples for contemporary architecture, they approached the problem in a completely different spirit. Where Alberti, the Renaissance architect and theorist, wished to impose greater rationality on architecture, and on the disorder of the Medieval city, Hugo, the Romantic novelist, saw a need to remain true to the organic, homogeneous nature of the city of the Middle Ages. The two men were similar in their perception of the Medieval city as an example of uncontrolled growth. But they placed an entirely different value on this fact. Anthony Blunts remark about Renaissance classicism sums up this difference: in architecture the revival of Roman forms was used to create a style which answered to the demands of human reason rather than to the more. We will write a custom essay sample on Leon Battista Alberti Victor Marie Hugo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

The Good, the Bad and Cheap Essay American Writing Service

The Good, the Bad and Cheap Essay American Writing Service Possessing a dependable college essay writing service at hand will enable a student complete a tough d customwritings. It's quite difficult to choose the finest cheap essay writing service among many offers due to numerous reasons. The service is excellent and fast. An excellent writing service can provide a wide selection of services a student essay need. The New Angle On Cheap Essay American Writing Service Just Released Always remember it is not sufficient to summarize or only describe a text. Let's say that you're writing an essay on The important causes of Road Accidents in your City, it's obvious you're going to think of a few points. When speaking to a different person, you're made to think of the words and use the grammar immediately, no matter how it may sound when it leaves your lips. English is a good language for self-expression. Also should you are going to want to purchase research paper done in 6 h ours, you're ready to rely on us. Writing 1 is a complete year course meant to improve students' capacity to use written English. Capstone project is sort of an umbrella test. For instance, a capstone project for the previous year in high school will test what a person learns over the full course. American writers service is a prosperous company which can prepare different varieties of academic papers. The companies so far observed offer a wide array of service that includes academic and professional services. Besides, it's pretty tough to get a business that's cheap and reliable at the exact same time. The absolute most trustworthy paper writing company. The first you will need to look for is the caliber of the quick article. A dependable essay writing service will use information you provide to guarantee you receive content written from scratch that fulfills your requirements. Picking the ideal AMERICAN Essay Writing Service There are a couple of ways you are able to e nsure a writing service is legit and can offer you the american you require. Hence, intensive research will help you in finding out salient facts and useful information. The body is fundamentally the center of your essay or composition. When you have finished with your composition, it is quite important you take a minute and read over what you have written. Regardless of what it will take us to complete the paper for you, we'll do our very best! Alternatively, you're stuck by having a numerous paper. Cheap Essay American Writing Service Ideas You have a distinctive perspective. Moreover, American literature studying in different countries gives foreigners the chance to get to understand American culture, history, and good works of the remarkable authors better. In case the society is based on control by private wealth, it is going to reflect the values which are greed and the urge to maximize personal gain at the cost of others. The beginning of your career may look a ve ry long way off and therefore not particularly relevant at this time, but such considerations should have an effect on your gcse choices since you want the suitable foundation on which to build. The Maya script is usually thought of as the most fully developed Mesoamerican writing system, mostly due to its extraordinary aesthetics and because it's been partially deciphered. The choice to write somebody's own assignments or to acquire outside help is obviously an individual one, and students should look at their own circumstances since they weigh the advantages and disadvantages. You have the chance to offer clear information about your assignment requirements and areas you require assistance with. The course concepts from a trustworthy writing help from different sources. All the essays are original, and you might be sure no one is going to have the identical essay. You are then going to be asked about the topic area the essay should concentrate on. In English Language, compositions or essays actually are one of the most crucial facets of the subject. How to compose a crtical essay. Writing an essay is quite a struggle in case you don't understand how to have it done on your own. Personal response essay is an essay in which you're requested to explicate your private attitude to the bit of literature and explain why it's significant for you. What to compose a community argumentative essay pdf. Writing an excellent thesis conclusion.

Some Helpful Tips For Writing a Good Social Economics Essay

Some Helpful Tips For Writing a Good Social Economics EssayIf you want to get good grades on your Social Economics essay, the best way to do this is to study and practice on your topic of choice. However, it can be frustrating when you know that you have a clear idea of the topic, but you still have a difficult time writing the essay. Here are some suggestions to help you work through your essay writing challenges.Begin by defining the topic of your essay in detail. Make sure you know what type of essay you are writing and that the subject is a strong one. Writing an essay that discusses the roots of racism and classism can be a little tricky as it is difficult to determine who was in the wrong and who was not in the wrong.Begin thinking about how the main points of your essay topics will relate to the readers. One of the biggest problems that people face when they are writing an essay is the confusion between their vision and the reader's vision. To overcome this problem, you need t o take the time to really sit down and think about what you want to say.Begin researching your essay topic to determine who the audience is. You need to find out who the audience is in order to write an essay that will be able to reach them. You will also want to decide if you are writing for a specific audience or general audiences.Be prepared to create two drafts. You need to know your topic so you need to be confident in your skills and knowledge of the topic. Also, if you do not have a lot of time to devote to essay writing, then you will want to focus on your topic and write the essay in the order that you feel is most important.Read as much as you can about the topic of your essay and try to take note of the mistakes people make when writing essays. This will give you an idea of what you will need to work on to make sure your essays are error free. You also need to become familiar with the different types of essay writing that you can perform.Be aware of grammar and style rule s. Your essay writing should be done using appropriate grammar and writing conventions. You also need to learn to properly format your paper so that it will look clean and ready for submission.There are a number of other tips and tricks that you can use to improve your essay topics. The best way to work on improving your essays is to take a step back and review your entire topic at least once before you begin working on your essay. This will give you the necessary knowledge to ensure that you write your paper with confidence.

Definition of Literature

Definition of LiteratureThe term literature refers to the set of papers purposely selected by a writer or author to achieve specific artistic objectives. It is widely considered a unique method of creative expression, particularly in the field of literature. It includes the writing of literary pieces, essays, manuscripts, biographies, biography books, critical commentaries, dissertations, reviews, essays and the like.Literature is often recognized as an art form. In fact, one cannot describe literature, unless he or she adopts the subjective approach. Literature, according to this view, is a system of instructions or rules of performance for writers. This system is usually embodied in a set of norms, standards and practices that are followed in the creation of literature.Literature as an art form is concerned with certain underlying rules and principles. These rules are generally derived from common sense and logic. These principles are generally structured in a structure called a st ory line. Writers normally use this information to structure their stories according to specific rules. Generally, the aim of a writer is to provide the reader with the flavor of his or her prose or the flavor of the original story.A writer's ultimate aim is to produce literary works which will give a message of his or her own. Usually, literature has been defined as the art of storytelling. It depends upon the author to discover the emotion of the readers in order to turn the story into a literary work.There are two basic categories of literature: fiction and non-fiction. Fiction refers to an action, idea, piece of literature or story that can be described in a creative way. An example of a non-fiction literature would be a biography book. Examples of fiction include best sellers, novels, short stories, and poetry. All of these forms are more likely to get an appreciation from readers.In a way, non-fiction books are usually regarded as literature. On the other hand, novels are the exception. Novels are always described as fiction or non-fiction; however, the general opinion in the literary world is that novels are actually novels or non-fiction.Another type of literary works are non-fiction books. These books mainly include biography books and biographies of famous personalities. A major difference between a fiction and non-fiction book is that fiction book is based on real events while non-fiction books are based on non-existent event or existence.Fiction has an important role in literature. For example, a biography book about a person may contain a fictional character such as Peter Parker in Spiderman. However, if a biography book was to tell the real story of the person, it would be a non-fiction work.

Validity of anti-stress claims made by therapeutic aroma candle developers Essay Example

Validity of anti-stress claims made by therapeutic aroma candle developers Essay Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether or not the claims of therapeutic aroma candle developers that their product actually relieves stress can be statistically supported.Hypothesis: Aroma candle manufacturers claim that their products significantly reduce stress levels in individuals. One quantitative measure of stress is blood pressure which is significantly higher in stressed out individuals than in people who are not stressed. I therefore hypothesize that exposure to therapeutic aroma candles significantly reduces blood pressure in stressed out adults.Part A:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Select 20 adults with average blood pressures of 160/110 (Mean high blood level) with a standard deviation of 10/10.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Arrange two similar room set-ups (designated room A B respectively). Each room must have amenities that are conducive to relaxation. Each set-up must have:a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comfortable areas to sit or lie down onb.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Option for music or televisionc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pleasant air-conditioning3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Select an Ylang-ylang scented aroma candle. Ylang-ylang scented candles are claimed to relieve anger, alleviate anxiety, and reduce stress (Hammer, 1995).4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Add Ylang-ylang scented aroma candles in room B.Part B:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Measure the subjects’ blood pressures before the beginning of the experiment2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Randomly select 10 of the subjects and have them spend one hour in Room A. Have the remaining 10 subjects spend one hour in Room B.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the hour has passed, measure the blood pressure of each of the subject.4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Repeat the procedure on a similar day, but interchange the room assignments. This means that the 10 people who spent their first session in Room A will spend their second session in Room B and vice versa for the other 10 people.5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You may repeat steps 1 – 4 a few more times in order to strengthen the quality of the results.Part C:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare the blood pressure of subjects before and after they entered Room A.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare the blood pressure of subjects before and after they entered Room B.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare the blood pressure of the 10 individuals who were randomly selected for Room A in Part B (Step 2) to those selected in Room B after they spend the hour in their respective rooms.4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare the blood pressures of the two groups mentioned in step 3 again after they had switched rooms.5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare the blood pressure of individuals after they entered Room A to the same individuals after they entered Room B.References:Hammers, E. (1995). Aroma Therapy. New York: Gallant Press.

Research Paper Topics For 8th Grade

Research Paper Topics For 8th GradeLooking for research paper topics for 8th grade? This is one of the most important things that you will do this year. At the beginning of the school year, you will have a short period to write some papers. This is a wonderful time to use your unique writing skills to come up with some unique topics for students.If you are having trouble coming up with topics, there are several options available. One of the options is to ask your teacher or headmaster for ideas on topics. However, most teachers and parents don't want their children to be bored during the year.Your best option to find research paper topics for 8th grade is to research your classmates. If you were in a previous class that had several students in the same year as you, ask them for their research paper topics for 8th grade. The better subjects you can find for a research paper will help you when you do your paper.If you have a lot of questions about research paper topics for 8th grade, y ou should do some research. There are many web sites online that can help you with your research and offer you lots of resources that you can use to help you come up with good topics. There are dozens of topic ideas and research paper topics for students that you can use, so there is no reason to be stuck for ideas.When you find topics for your research paper topics for 8th grade, make sure that you use your imagination to write about them. You don't want to overdo the topic or make it too complicated. Just use the topic for a few minutes each day and then write a few pages about the topic.You need to focus on the idea and how the topic can help your students. Write on the topic you think will help your students and how it can help your class.Your students will love your research paper if you use an interesting topic. So give your students a good idea for a topic for their research paper and their essay.

Bipolar Disorder Essays

Bipolar Disorder Essays Bipolar Disorder Paper Bipolar Disorder Paper Bipolar disorder lies in the category of manic depressive disorders. The disorder affects the brain and causes strange mood shifts, change in activity levels as well as causing inability of the afflicted individuals to perform daily tasks (National Institute of Mental Health). The affected individuals have unusually elevated energy levels and other symptoms, which make the individuals to have a damaged relationship, poor school and workplace performance and in severe case, suicide (National Institute of Mental Health). This shows that the symptoms are different from the usual ups and downs that normal individuals undergo in everyday lives. Although the symptoms are often severe, bipolar disorder is easily treated and afflicted individuals can lead normal lives. Symptoms Individuals with bipolar disorder express very unusual and intense emotional stress that normally occurs in specific periods known as mood episodes (Basco 81). They may be in overexcited state (manic episode) or in extremely sad state (depressive episode) (Basco 81). In some situations, mood episodes may show symptoms of both depression and mania. Mood changes for manic episode include agitation, extreme irritability, overly happy and outgoing mood while the mood changes for depressive episodes include long periods of worry or feeling of emptiness (Mayo Clinic Staff). Sometimes there is loss of interest in some activities that the individuals once enjoyed such as sex. Behavioral changes in manic episodes talking at a fast pace, jumping from one concept to another and having what can be termed as racing mood. The individuals are easily distracted, are restless and do not sleep enough (Mayo Clinic Staff). They have unrealistic ideologies about one’s abilities and behave in an impulsive manner usually taking plenty of pleasurable behaviors with high risks such as impulsive sex, spending spree and impulsive investments in business (Mayo Clinic Staff). Behavioral changes in depressive episodes include problems of concentration, making decisions and remembering, feeling of tiredness growing irritable or being restless. The individuals with depressive episodes may have problems with sleeping and eating (Medline Plus). In severe cases, depressive episode individuals may develop suicide thinking or having attempted suicide. Diagnostic Criteria The disorder often develops in individuals during early adult years or late teen stages with half of the total bipolar cases diagnosed before individuals attain the age of 25 (Medline Plus). However, in some individuals, the symptoms start appearing in early childhood while others start showing bipolar symptoms in late years of adult stage. It is not easy to identify bipolar disorder as it begins since the symptoms may almost appear like other complications that may not be recognized as a major problem (Medline Plus). It may take long before the problem is properly identified and proper medication provided. Bipolar disorder is generally a long term complication just like heart disease or diabetes and has to be managed throughout the entire life of the afflicted individual. In order to have a proper diagnosis, it is necessary to talk to a physician who should then carry out a physical examination, oral interviews and various laboratory tests. Although bipolar disorder may not concurrently be diagnosed through brain scans and blood tests, the tests are imperative in ruling out other contributing causes such as brain tumors and stroke ((National Institute of Mental Health). The doctor may be required to carry out an evaluation of mental health in case the problems of stroke and brain tumors are not as a result of other illnesses. In most cases, patients are referred to a mental health expert such as a psychiatrist who is specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder (National Institute of Mental Health). Criteria for diagnosing bipolar disorder are given in the current fourth version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-IV-TR) and the current World Health Organization’s International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Problems (ICD-10) (National Institute of Mental Health). Psychiatrists or doctors should carry out a complete diagnostic examination. It is important for the physician or psychiatrist to discuss and identify family history of the disorder or other allied illnesses in order to establish the complete history of the symptoms expressed by the patient (Medline Plus). Because the patient may not explain the exact ways he or she expresses the symptoms of bipolar disorders, it is necessary for the psychiatrist to discuss the family medical history and symptoms with a close relative of the patient. If the afflicted individual is married and stays together with the partner, the spouse can be of great importance in explaining the symptoms. The common sign among individuals with bipolar disorder is that they readily tend to seek assistance when they have depression than when they are manic or experiencing hypomania (Rheieck, and Steikuller 12). This shows why it is important to carry out a careful evaluation of medical history in order to ensure that the problem is not misdiagnosed as a major disorder of depression known as unipolar depression. With unipolar disorders, individuals do not experience manic depression that is often expressed in individuals with bipolar disorder. It is also important to include previous inputs and records about the patient from the family members and friends in medical histories. Possible Causes and Probable Effect There are various causes of bipolar disorders which may include genetic causes, childhood precursors, life experiences and events, neural processes, melatonin activity and psychological causes (Basco 122). Chromosomal regions as well as individual genes have been identified and linked to the cause of bipolar disorders. The base pair changes for DNA sequence of TPH1 and P2RX7 genes have been blamed on the cause of the condition. Genes related to dopamine (SLC6A3 and DRD4), serotonin (TPH2 and SLC6A4) and dopamine (DTNBP1 and DAOA) have been identified to contribute to the condition although to a small extent (Rheieck, and Steikuller 14). Melatonin activity has been indicated for bipolar disorder. For instance in the eye, the hypersensitive melatonin receptors causes a rapid drop in melatonin levels during sleep time (National Institute of Mental Health). Valproic acid, used for stabilizing mood, increases melatonin receptor transcription and reduces the sensitivity to light in healthy subjects. However, the extent to which alteration of melatonin may lead to bipolar disorder has not been fully deciphered. Treatment There is no known cure for bipolar disorder although proper care given to the bipolar patients can greatly improve the lifestyle of patients (Medline Plus). With proper treatment of bipolar disorder cases, the individuals will gain an improved control of their mood swings as well as other related symptoms. There is need for a long-term treatment plan for bipolar disorder patients since the condition is a recurrent and lifelong illness. Long-term treatment such as psychotherapy and medications will offer a better control over the symptoms as the symptoms severity will be reduced and prevented from reoccurring (Basco 147). The diagnosis and prescription of treatments for bipolar disorder is mainly done by medical doctors, psychiatrists or in some states, psychiatrist nurse practitioners, clinical psychologists and advanced psychiatrist nurses (Mayo Clinic Staff). However, not every individual responds to bipolar disorder medications. It is therefore important to keep a daily chart that shows the symptoms, treatments used, sleep patterns and various life events. These recordings will help the doctor track the details and give effective treatment. This also enables the doctor to make decisions on the change or switch of medications incase the ones used do not work with the patient. Medication options for treating bipolar disorders include mood stabilizing medications, atypical antipsychotic medications and antidepressants (National Institute of Mental Health). Apart from medication and psychotherapy, other treatments include sleep medications and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Mood stabilizing medications form the treatment of choice to help individuals suffering from bipolar disorder. The individuals with bipolar disorder may continue with the mood stabilizers for a number of years. Majority of mood stabilizing medications are anticonvulsants with the exception of lithium (National Institute of Mental Health). Anticonvulsants are usually used in the treatment of seizures although they can also be used in the treatment of moods particularly in bipolar disorders. Lithium is effective in the control of mood symptoms although the levels of thyroid hormone should closely be checked as lithium causes hypothyroidism which is often associated with bipolar disorder particularly in women (National Institute of Mental Health). An alternative to lithium is valproic acid which is equally effective in the prevention of manic recurrence or depressive episodes. Atypical antipsychotic medications have sometimes been used in the treatment of bipolar disorder symptoms although they are often taken together with other medications (National Institute of Mental Health). They are referred to as ‘atypical’ since they are different from other first generation or conventional antipsychotics. Olanzapine is an example of atypical antipsychotic medication which when administered with antidepressants, can greatly relive severe symptoms of psychosis and mania. Other atypical medications used include Aripiprazole, Quetiapine and Risperidone (National Institute of Mental Health). Other forms of medications used in treating bipolar disorders belong to the class of antidepressants. Antidepressants are usually used in the treatment of depression symptoms in bipolar disorder cases (National Institute of Mental Health). Bipolar disorder patients are advised to take mood stabilizers in addition to antidepressants. This is recommended because relying on antidepressants alone may increase chances of patients switching from mania or hypomania or even developing symptoms of rapid cycling (National Institute of Mental Health). It is therefore important for doctors who prescribe antidepressants agents for the treatment of bipolar disorder to include mood stabilizing agents. Fluoroxetin, sold as Prozac and Paroxetine marketed as Paxil are some of the antidepressant medications that are widely prescribed by physicians for the treatment of bipolar depression symptoms (National Institute of Mental Health). Psychotherapy is another form of treatment given to individuals with bipolar disorder apart from the medications (Mayo Clinic Staff). It is also referred to as talk therapy which can provide education, support and guidance to individuals with the condition together with other family members. Psychotherapy methods include family-focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychoeducation and interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (National Institute of Mental Health). Prognosis It always comes out that good prognosis is only feasible when good treatment is provided and a good treatment is possible if doctors make accurate diagnosis of the condition. In most cases, bipolar disorders are often misdiagnosed or under-diagnosed and as a result, it becomes difficult for individuals with bipolar disorder to be given competent and timely treatments. Although bipolar disorders can be a very severe medical condition, which can disable individuals, bipolar individuals can comfortably live satisfying and full lives with the use of medications (Rheieck, and Steikuller19). Even when no medications are used, bipolar disorder patients can experience from normal to near normal lifestyles between episodes. Works cited Basco, Monica. The Bipolar Workbook: Tools for Controlling Your Moods Swings. New York: Guilford Press, 2006. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2010). â€Å"Bipolar Disorder. † Bipolar Disorder. 5 Jan 2010. 6 May 2010. mayoclinic. com/print/bipolardisorder/DS00356/DSECTION=allMETHOD=print Medline Plus. â€Å"Bipolar Disorder. † Bipolar Disorder. 8 Mar. 2010. 5 May. 2010. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/bipolardisorder. html National Institute of Mental Health. â€Å"Bipolar Disorder. † Bipolar Disorder. 2008. 6 May. 2010. nimh. nih. gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/complete-index. shtml Rheieck, Jane, Steikuller, Andrea. â€Å"A Review of Evidence-Based Therapeutic Interventions for Bipolar. † Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 31 (2009):12-21.